Download Ancient Greece 750 B.C.

ANCIENT GREECE
• ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
–In what ways did
geography and climate
shape Greek life?
ANCIENT GREECE
UNIT 2 – Early Civilizations
•
PRE TEST:
1. Among the greatest gifts to western culture from
ancient Greece were:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Latin, republican governments, and art
Democracy, philosophy, and engineering
Hieroglyphics, pyramids, and mummification
Arena sports, Christianity, and republican government
ANCIENT GREECE
2. In order to vote in Athens and Rome, a
person had to be: born of citizen
parents, 18 years of age, and;
a.
b.
c.
d.
In the military
Married
A high school graduate
A male
ANCIENT GREECE
•Greece was not a united
country.
•It was a collection of separate
lands where Greek speaking
people lived.
Geography
• The Sea
• The Land
Ancient Greece 750 B.C.
City- States
• A city-state
or a polis is
a city and its
surrounding
countryside.
• An acropolis
– a high city,
a meeting
place on top
of a hill
Acropolis – a city on a hill
City-States
• Geography plays a huge role
in the formation of city-states
• Mountains divided the lands
into many different regions
(naturally separated)
• Growth of city-states with
many different forms of
government- monarchy,
aristocracy, oligarchy,
democracy
Forms of Government
– Please open your textbooks
to 128 and define the
following forms of
government in your notes:
– Monarchy
– Aristocracy
– Oligarchy
– Direct Democracy
City-States
• Two examples of how different
city-states were are:
Athens
– Sparta
–
Athens
• Democracy- After many reforms
(changes) Athenians moved towards a
rule by the people considered a limited
democracy
– Participation based on citizenship.
When the people rule…
• New rules started emerging…
– No citizen shall own another citizen
(slavery)
– Any citizen could charge another
citizen with wrongdoings
– All citizens could submit laws for
debate
– Only citizens could vote.
What is a citizen?
• In Athens, a citizen had to be
1. Free
2. Male
3. Own property
4. Born in Athens
– So, women, slaves, and foreigners
were excluded from citizenship and
had few rights.
Discussion Question…
• How is Athenian Government different from
modern American Democracy??
VS.
Answer:
• In Athens: participation in politics is limited to
adult male property owners.
• In the U.S. it is open to all . In the U.S. elected
representatives, not citizens, govern.
Education in Athens (boys)
• Sons of wealthy families received formal
education
• Schooling prepared boys to be good citizens
• Studied reading, grammar, poetry, history,
math, and music
• Received training in logic and public speaking
– (to be good debaters in politics)
• When boys got older they went to military
school to prepare them to defend Athens
Education in Athens (girls)
• Girls were educated at home
• Learned about child-rearing,
weaving, preparing meals,
managing the household, and how
to be good wives and mothers
– Few women were able to read and
write
Athens and Pericles
461-429 B.C.
• Pericles is a statesman
that led Athens
• He was a politician,
speaker, and general
Pericles’ Three Goals
1. Strengthen democracy
– Increased number of public
officials to include rich or
poor, to serve if elected
– This made Athens one of the
most democratic governments
in history
– Direct democracy: citizens
rule directly instead of
through representative
Pericles’ Three Goals
2. Hold and strengthen empire
– Strengthen army
3. Glorify Athens
– Beautify city: art, architecture
SPARTA
• Military State
(unlike Athens,
which had a
– Democracy
• Spartans were
warriors, raised to
protect themselves
and their country
Spartan Government
• Government divided into branches
1. Assembly
• Spartan citizens (males) and elected officials
2. Council of Elders
• 30 older citizens- proposed laws
3. Five elected officials- carried out laws
4. Two kings - ruled over the military
• Combination of monarchy,
oligarchy, and democracy
Spartan Citizens
• Social Order of Citizenship:
– 1st- people who are related to original
inhabitants
• Ruling families who owned land
– 2nd- non citizens
• Were free, worked in commerce and
industry
– 3rd- Helots – a littler better than slaves
• Worked in fields, as house servants
Spartan Education - boys
• Goal- to create a strong
warrior
• Children are beaten and
whipped to make them tough
– They were not allowed to cry out
in pain
• Given very little food
– Encouraged to steal food
Spartan Education
• Some grew up to be warriors
• Others became secret police.
– They would spy on people like
slaves
• As adults, men did not live
with their families
– They lived with other soldiers
Sparta Education- girls
• Spartan women had more freedom
than any other Greek city state
• Educated to be fighters
• Some became warriors
•Spartans only focused on the
military
–So they did not value art or literature
• Life purpose was to serve
the military
– “Come back with your shield or
on it.”
Greek Culture And Art
ART
• Greek art – sculptures,
architecture, and pottery
• Drama & Poetry– invented
drama
– Expression of Pride
– Tribute to the Gods
Architecture & Sculpture
• Sculptures reflect ideal beauty
and reality
Venus de Milo
Discobolos – The
Disc Thrower
Winged-Victory –
Goddess of Nike
Philosophy- “Lovers of
Wisdom”
• Believe that the universe is
put together in an orderly way
• People can understand this
through logic and reason
Socrates
• The Unexamined Life is Not Worth
Living
• “Question yourself and your moral
character”
• “What is the right thing to do?”
• Questions people about life
• “Be as you wish to seem.”
• “It is not living that matters, but living rightly.”
Plato
student of Socrates
• In a perfect society all
citizens would either be
– Farmers and artisans
– Warriors
– Ruling class
• Those who rule should
have great insight and
intellect
Plato
• “If a man neglects education, he
walks lame to the end of his life.”
• “Only the dead have seen the end
of the war.”
• “Opinion is the medium between
knowledge and ignorance”
Aristotle
student
of
Plato
• Began the use of the scientific
method we use today
• Questioned nature of the world,
human belief, thought
• “All human actions have one or more of these
seven causes: chance, nature, compulsions, habit,
reason, passion, desire.”
• “Good habits formed at youth make all the
difference.”
• Astronomy
–
–
–
–
Science and Technology
Studied the planets and stars
Circumference of the earth
Size of the sun
Hypothesis about the earth being the
center of the universe
• New Technology included lever,
pulleys and pumps