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Transcript
Name _______________________________ Date __________________ Ch 10 Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles – Biology in Focus Overview – Variations on a Theme 1. Define the following: a. Heredity b. Genetics Concept 10.1 Offspring acquire genes from parents by inheriting chromosomes 2. Define the following: a. Genes b. Gametes c. Somatic cells d. Locus 3. Explain the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction and give an example of each. Concept 10.2 Fertilization and meiosis alternate in sexual life cycles. 4. Explain how a karyotype is made. 5. What are homologous chromosomes? 6. Define the following: a. Sex chromosomes b. Autosomes c. Diploid cell d. Haploid cell 7. In the following diagram, label a centromere, a pair of homologous chromosomes, two nonsister chromatids and a pair of sister chromatids. 8. Define the following: a. Fertilization b. Zygote c. Meiosis 9. Label the three different types of sexual life cycles. 10. Explain alternation of generations Concept 10.3 Meiosis reduces the number of chromosome sets from diploid to haploid 11. In the following table – draw and explain what is happening in each stage of meiosis Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase and cytokinesis Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II I Telophase and cytokinesis II 12. Explain synapsis and crossing over. What is the benefit of this? 13. Complete the chart: Differences between mitosis and meiosis Property Mitosis DNA replication Number of divisions Synapsis of chromosomes homologous Number of daughter cells and genetic composition Role in animal body Meiosis Concept 10.4 Genetic variation produced in sexual life cycles contributes to evolution 14. What are alleles? 15. Explain Independent Assortment of Chromosomes 16. On average, how many crossing over events happen per chromosome? 17. Under what conditions do you think crossing over during meiosis would NOT lead to variation in the daughter cells? 17. Explain how random fertilization can lead to variation. 18. What is the evolutionary significance of genetic variation within populations?