Download 8.L.5- Energy in Living Organisms - NHCS

8.L.5- Molecular Biology
Unit Topic
Essential Standards
Goals and Objectives
Energy in living organisms
Standard 8.L.5 Understand the composition of various substances as it
relates to their ability to serve as a source of energy and building materials
for growth and repair.
8.L.5.1 Summarize how food provides the energy and the molecules
required for building materials, growth and survival of all organisms (to
include plants).
8.L.5.2 Explain the relationship among a healthy diet, exercise, and the
general health of the body (emphasis on the relationship between respiration
and digestion.)
Concepts Being Studied
energy pyramid
energy flow through a food web
why energy is necessary for organisms to grow and survive
basic functions of several human body systems, such as cardiovascular,
muscular, integumentary, and digestive
how choices can negatively impact human body systems
difference between healthy and unhealthy decisions
conduct research on a school-wide health problem and develop a solution to
that problem
Vocabulary
cardiovascular system
circulatory system
consumer
decomposer
digestive system
disease
ecosystem
endocrine system
energy
energy pyramid
excretory system
food chain
food web
immune system
integumentary system
lymphatic system
nervous system
muscular system
organism
predator
prey
producer
Essential Questions
Essential Information
How does energy flow through ecosystems?
Why is food important for organisms?
Why are all organisms connected to each other?
How can understanding human body systems help you make informed
decisions that affect your health?
8.L.5.1
Food provides molecules that serve as fuel and building material for all
organisms. Organisms get energy by oxidizing their food, releasing some of
its energy as thermal energy. All organisms are composed of cells-a group
of organelles working together. Most organisms are single cells; other
organisms, including humans, are multi-cellular. Cells carry on the many
functions needed to sustain life. They grow and divide (mitosis or meiosis),
thereby producing more cells. This requires that they take in nutrients,
which they use to provide energy for the work that cells do and to make the
materials that a cell or an organism needs. Cell (Plasma) membrane is
selectively permeable, controlling what enters and leaves the cell. Sugars to
produce energy for the cell are broken down in a process that uses oxygen
and produces carbon dioxide and water. Cells lacking internal membranebound structures are called prokaryotic cells. The cells of most unicellular
organisms such as bacteria are prokaryotes. Cells that contain membranebound structures are called eukaryotic cells. Most of the multi-cellular
plants and animals we know have cells containing membrane-bound
structures and are therefore called eukaryotes. The membrane-bound
structures within eukaryotic cells are called organelles. Each organelle has a
specific function for cell survival.
8.L.5.2
Life style choices, environmental factors, and genetics can cause
abnormalities to occur during embryonic development as well as later in
life. Human activities such as smoking, consumption of alcohol and the use
of drugs lead to a variety of adverse conditions within the human body and
interfere with the efficient operation of the systems of the body. Technology
and medical advances can help us understand how the human body
functions and allow us to make informed decisions regarding our health.
Toxic substances, some dietary habits, and some personal behavior may be
bad for one’s health. Some effects show up right away, others years later.
Avoiding toxic substances, such as tobacco, and changing dietary habits
increases the chance of living longer. The use of tobacco increases the risk
of illness. Students should understand the influence of short-term social and
psychological factors that lead to tobacco use, and the possible long-term
detrimental effects of smoking and chewing tobacco. Alcohol and other
drugs are often abused substances. Such drugs change how the body
functions and can lead to addiction
Essay Questions
Project Ideas
Can animals survive without plants on Earth?
Can Plants survive without animals to produce carbon dioxide?
Comic strip showing how both plants and animals exchange gasses.
Television commercial about school-wide health problem and the students
solution to the problem
Technology
Labs, Experiments,
Activities, etc.
Resources
Assessment
iPads
data projectors
smart boards
Presentation Software
Discovery Ed Techbook activities
County Kit
Brain pop, discovery ed, papers and school supplies, Nova and PBS, USGS
survey website.
Discovery Ed Techbook
ClassScape
Project rubrics
Science notebook
EOG released test