Download IB Biology Name Assignment # 1-Ch. 51 Note packet Directions

IB Biology
Name _____________________
Assignment # 1-Ch. 51 Note packet
Directions: Using your copy of Campbell Biology, read 51.1-51.3 (pp. 1118-1133, 11391141), Summary of key concepts & test your understanding. Use a notetaking app
(Notability, etc.) or a printed copy, complete the notes or respond to the questions below:
A. Introduction to animal behavior
1. Define behavior.
2. Why is behavior subject to the actions of natural selection?
B. Discrete sensory inputs can stimulate both simple and complex behaviors
1. Define a fixed action pattern.
2. What is a sign stimulus?
3. How do male sticklebacks exhibit a fixed action pattern?
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4. How does the use of a circadian clock influence migration in animals?
5. How do circannual rhythms differ from circadian rhythms?
C.Animal Signals and Communication
1. What constitutes animal communication?
2. Consider the courtship behavior of fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) to answer
the following questions below:
2a. Why is fruit fly courtship considered a stimulus-response chain?
2b. Give an example of how flies rely on visual communication for courtship.
2c. Give an example of how flies rely on chemical communication for courtship.
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2d. Give an example of how flies rely on tactile communication for courtship.
2e. Give an example of how flies depend on auditory communication for courtship.
3. Answer the following questions about the behavior of the European honeybee (Apis
mellifera).
3a. Describe the meaning of the round dance performed by honeybees.
3b. Describe the meaning of the waggle dance performed by honey bees.
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4. Pheromones
4a. What are pheromones?
4b. Give TWO examples of how specific animals use pheromones.
1)
2)
Concept Check 51.1:
If an egg rolls out of the next, a mother graylag goose will retrieve it by nudging it with
her beak and head. If researchers remove the egg or substitute a ball during the
process, the goose continues to bob her beak and head while she moves back to the nest.
Identify the type of behavior. Explain the stimulus and the response, and explain the
evolutionary advantage of this behavior.
D. Learning establishes specific links between experience and behavior.
1. Define innate behavior and give an example.
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2. Describe a cross-fostering study and explain what these studies help to explain
about behavior.
3. Describe imprinting in animal behavior and give an example. Use the term
sensitive period in your answer.
4. Describe what is meant by associative learning and give an example.
5. Define cognition (insight learning) and give an example.
6. Discuss an example of problem solving seen in some birds, and some mammals
especially primates and dolphins.
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7. Why is the ability of a young chimpanzee learning to crack oil palm nuts an
example of social learning (observational learning)?
E. Selection for individual survival and reproductive success can explain most behaviors.
1. Define foraging behavior and give an example of how this type of behavior can
benefit a species.
2. How does predation risk affect foraging behavior?
F. Mating behavior
1. Define and give an example of sexual dimorphism.
2. Why is it evolutionarily advantageous for birds to be monogamous?
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3. Why do males of many species with internal fertilization engage in behavior that
increases the certainty of paternity?
G. Mate Choice
1. Explain why mate preferences of females may play a central role in evolution.
2. What could be the evolutionary selection pressure for mate choice copying?
3. Give an example of how agonistic behavior exists among male competition for
mates.
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Assignment # 2- Bozeman video on Animal Behavior
Google search “Bozeman Science Animal Behavior”. Using the information presented in the video
on Animal Behavior, identify the type of behavior described in each of the following scenarios.
Explain your choice.
Scenario AFemale sheep will adopt and nurse a lamb shortly after they give birth to their own lamb, but
will butt and reject a lamb introduced a day or two later.
Scenario BA dog whose early “accidents” were cleaned up with paper towels accompanied by harsh
discipline hides anytime a paper towel is used in the household.
Scenario CYoung chimpanzees learn to crack oil palm nuts with 2 stones by watching others.
Scenario DRavens pull up a string to obtain a food item attached to it.
Scenario EMale stickleback fish chases a red-bellied object from its territory.
Scenario FIn the hospital, a heart rate monitor constantly beeps. The patient no longer notices the
beeping sound.
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Assignment # 3- Bozeman video on Mechanisms of Timing and Control
Google search “bozemanscience mechanisms of timing and control”. After watching the
video on Mechanisms of Timing and Control, answer the following questions.
1.
Why does jet lag make your body feel “out of sorts”?
2. Define “phototropism”.
3. Define “photoperiodism”.
4. What is meant by positive phototropism? Which part of a plant is involved in this response?
5. What is meant by negative phototropism? What part of a plant is involved in this response?
6. What is gravitropism?
7. What is auxin, and how does it work?
8. Which side of a plant does auxin move in positive phototropism? What would be the result? Draw
a picture to illustrate this concept.
9. What is a phytochrome and what happens when it absorbs light?
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10. What can plants determine using changes in phytochromes?
11. What happens to us when the light is out? In other words, what happens to our level of
melatonin and our internal clock?
12. Give an example of how our body activities are set to a 24-hour schedule using melatonin.
13. How does quorum sensing work in bacteria using autoinducers?
14. Give two examples of bacterial responses to quorum sensing.
15. Explain why certain behaviors have evolved. What is the evolutionary advantage of certain
behaviors?
16. Consider quorum sensing, tropisms and circadian rhythms. What characteristics do all these
behaviors share?
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Assignment # 4- Free Response
On a separate sheet, type your answer to the following question using complete sentences.
During mating season, male garter snakes exhibit tracking behavior when they follow chemical
pheromone trails deposited on the ground by females. Design a controlled experiment to
determine whether a male garter snake will track only a female of his species or will also follow
the female of a related species.
Include the following when you design your own experiment:
1.
Hypothesis (Use an “If…,then…because....format)
2.
Identify Independent Variable (IV) - what treatments will you apply? What are you
manipulating? How much of each treatment will you apply? How many trials or how large is your
sample size for each treatment?
3.
Which treatment is your control group? Consider both positive and negative controls.
4.
Identify Dependent Variable (DV) - what is the type of data that you will be collecting?
In other words, what is responding to your treatments?
5.
Describe how you will actually take and record data. Data needs to be quantitative
(numerical)
6.
Identify several constants - what stays the same in all treatments? (State at least 3
constants)
7.
Specifically describe/draw a labeled diagram of the organism/materials/apparatus to be
used. Include measurements.
8.
Describe what you will actually do. How will you apply the treatments? Write out a
complete procedure.
9.
Describe how the data will be graphed and analyzed. Construct a data table!!!
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