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HES 2823
Introductory Nutrition
EXAM 3
Name __________________
April 20, 2011
Multiple choice. Choose the one BEST answer for each question. (2 pts each)
1. What heroic act did Goldberger do to help in the discovery of niacin?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Injected himself with blood from someone with pellagra to see if he would catch it
Gave his personal fortune to research efforts to discover a cure for pellagra
Consumed excreta from someone with pellagra to see if he would catch it
Lived with a person with pellagra for one month to see if he would catch it
2. In an unusual treatment, meat was swallowed by a healthy person and then retrieved and fed to a sick person.
This treatment was effective for
a.
b.
c.
d.
Pernicious anemia
Scurvy
Pellagra
Beriberi
3. When glass milk bottles were left on the front step in years past, which vitamin was likely destroyed?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Thiamin
Riboflavin
Niacin
Vitamin A
4. Which of the following is an example of a heme iron source?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Fortified baby cereal
Enriched pasta
Spinach
Roast beef
5. Which of the following vitamins was fortified in bread products beginning in 1998?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Vitamin B12
Thiamin
Vitamin E
Folic acid
6. Why is night blindness a consequence of vitamin A deficiency?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Vitamin A is required for formation of light sensitive compounds in the retina
Vitamin A is required for mucus production
Vitamin A is necessary for calcium absorption, and calcium is required for optic nerve function
As an antioxidant, vitamin A reduces damage to the retina of the eye, so vision is improved
7. Why do antioxidants likely reduce cancer risk?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Reduces the growth of tumors by oxidizing the free radicals that normally stimulate growth
Attacks cancerous cells early in their development so they die and do not divide
Reduces damage to DNA to reduce likelihood of producing a cancer cell
Prevents oxidation of LDL particles, thus reducing growth rate of tumors
8. Which vitamin deficiency most commonly is treated by injection of the vitamin, since a supplement would be
ineffective?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B6
Folic acid
niacin
9. In order to metabolize the amino acid alanine to maintain blood glucose levels, we need the coenzyme made from
a.
b.
c.
d.
Thiamin
Niacin
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B6
10. A person who overconsumes alcohol is most likely to be deficient in which vitamin?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Thiamin
Riboflavin
Niacin
Vitamin C
11. Which vitamin is important to the production of collagen, a protein found in skin and bone?
a. Thiamin
b. Folacin
c. Vitamin D
d. Vitamin C
12. A deficiency of which of the following nutrients leads to goiter.
a.
b.
c.
d.
vitamin C
iodine
fluoride
calcium
13. Which of the following pairs of nutrients share a common function?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Thiamin and niacin
Riboflavin and vitamin B6
Vitamin A and vitamin D
Folic acid and vitamin C
14. Which of the following nutrients is involved in energy metabolism?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
Riboflavin
15. Vitamin D is required for
a.
b.
c.
d.
The absorption of calcium
The production of collagen
Fluid regulation
Vision
16. In the United States, iron is currently added to
a.
b.
c.
d.
Enriched breads and cereals
Milk
Eggs
All fortified foods
17. Liver is the single richest source of iron. Other foods that are good sources of iron include
a.
b.
c.
d.
Eggs
Dairy products
Foods cooked in cast iron skillets
Cauliflower
18. The crystalline salts containing calcium and phosphorus deposited in bone are called
a.
b.
c.
d.
Calcium phosphate
Hydroxyapatite
Phosphocalcinate
Hydrobutyrate
19. What method could be used to determine the mineral content of a food?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Measure the calcium and phosphorus content only, since all others are present in very small amounts
Use a neutron accelerator to estimate content
Each mineral must be determined individually and summed
The ash content could be measured
20. What compound increases in concentration in the blood during folic acid deficiency, these high levels being a
risk factor for heart disease?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Methionine
Tetracycline
Homocysteine
Low density lipoprotein
21. Fluoride is essential in the diet because it is a component of
a.
b.
c.
d.
Hydroxyapatite
Fluorapatite
Calcium fluorphosphate
Fluorcalcinate
22. Which vitamin toxicity leads to permanent nerve damage?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Vitamin B6
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin C
23. ___________ is the yellow-orange pigment found in carrots.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Vitamin A
Beta-carotene
Vitamin C
Alpha-tocopherol
24. When consumed with a meal, which beverage reduces iron absorption most significantly?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Orange juice
Soda pop
Tea
Koolaid
25. When does your instructor recommend the use of vitamin supplements (pills)?
a.
b.
c.
d.
All adults should take a supplement containing no more than the RDA of any vitamin
All children should take a multivitamin supplement until they reach school age
All elderly (over 65) should have a routine injection of vitamin B12
All women planning to become pregnant should take a folic acid supplement
26. What did we conclude regarding taking beta-carotene supplements and cancer risk?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Supplements increased lung cancer incidence by up to 18 % in smokers
Supplements had the same effect on lung cancer incidence as consuming foods rich in beta-carotene
Supplements reduced lung cancer incidence by up to 18% in smokers
Supplements had no effect on lung cancer incidence, only eating beta-carotene rich foods is helpful
27. For which of the following public health practices to improve nutrient intake is it a community-by-community
decision?
a.
b.
c.
d.
fortification
enrichment
fluoridation
iodination
28. Spinach, based on our generalization stated in class, would be best described as a good source of:
a.
b.
c.
d.
thiamin
riboflavin
folic acid
vitamin B6
29. What did we conclude in class would be the highest source of calcium for a lactose intolerant person?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Calcium fortified orange juice
Raisins
Broccoli
Molasses
Matching. BE SURE TO TRANSFER YOUR ANSWERS TO THE SCANTRON SHEET.
Match the nutrient on the left with the associated phrase on the right.
___30.
___31.
___32.
___33.
Vitamin D
Vitamin A
Vitamin E
Calcium
a.
b.
c.
d.
absorption is blocked by oxalates
reacts with free radicals
using tanning beds decreases dietary needs
primary dietary source is yellow-orange fruits/vegetables
Match the vitamin on the left with the associated chemical name on the right.
___ 34.
___ 35.
___ 36.
___ 37.
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin B6
a.
b.
c.
d.
Tocopherol
Pyridoxine
Retinol
Cholecalciferol
Match the nutrient on the left with the at risk group for deficiency on the right.
___38.
___39.
___40.
___41.
Vitamin K
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
a.
b.
c.
d.
dark-skinned infants
sailors about 300 years ago
elderly
newborns
Match the nutrient on the left with the most closely associated food source on the right.
___ 42.
___ 43.
___ 44.
___ 45.
Vitamin E
Folic acid
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
a.
b.
c.
d.
Fortified milk
Asparagus/brussel sprouts
Vegetable oil
Green leafy vegetables
SEE NEXT PAGE FOR SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
Short Answer. Answer each question clearly and concisely. Place your answers right here, on the exam.
46.(6 pts) We discussed four groups in class that are at risk of iron deficiency. Name three of them (1 pt each), and
very briefly describe why each is at risk of iron deficiency (1 pt each).
47.(2 pts) Prenatal vitamins are prescribed as a common part of good prenatal care. Which vitamin is a woman most
likely to be deficient in during pregnancy?
48.(2 pts) We discussed one fat soluble vitamin that is especially toxic, having both acute and chronic adverse
effects. Name that vitamin.