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Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ CHAPTER 13 ACTIVE READING WORKSHEETS GENE TECHNOLOGY Section 13-3: Genetic Engineering Read the passage below, which covers topics from your textbook. Answer the questions that follow. Many viral diseases, such as influenza, smallpox, and polio, cannot be treated effectively by existing drugs. Instead, many viral diseases are combated by prevention, using vaccines. A vaccine is a substance that contains a harmless version of a virus or a bacterium. Traditionally, vaccines have been made of disease-causing agents—also called pathogens—that have been treated (chemically or physically) so that they can no longer cause disease. Vaccines can also be produced using active pathogens that carry surface proteins that are the same as or very similar to a more harmful pathogen. When a person contracts the disease or receives a vaccine, his or her body recognizes the pathogen’s surface proteins and makes antibodies against the pathogen. In the future, if the same pathogen enters the body, the body is prepared to combat it quickly and to prevent or weaken the pathogen’s effects. On rare occasions a vaccine may cause the disease it is intended to protect people against. Genetic engineering can be used to produce DNA vaccines, which may be safer than some traditionally prepared vaccines. The genes for a disease-causing virus’s surface proteins can be inserted into a harmless virus. The transplanted genes cause the harmless virus to produce the surface proteins that alert the body to the presence of the disease-causing virus. Genetic engineering can also be used to alter the genome of a pathogen so that it no longer causes a disease. The altered pathogens can then be used as a vaccine against unaltered forms of the pathogen. Fill in the blank to complete each sentence. SKILL: Completing Sentences One reading skill is the ability to complete an incomplete sentence by logically determining what will complete the unfinished thought. 1. Three examples of viral diseases are ________________________________ . Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 55 Genetic Engineering Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ 2. Many viral diseases are combated by prevention through ________________ . 3. A vaccine is a substance that contains a harmless version of a ____________ . 4. Another name for a disease-causing agent is __________________________ . 5. A pathogen can be chemically or physically treated to eliminate its ability to ____________________________________________________________ . 6. If a pathogen enters the body of a person who has been vaccinated for that particular virus, the body will recognize the __________________________ . 7. Sometimes, a vaccine causes the disease _____________________________ . 8. One method of producing effective DNA vaccines that are safer than vaccines that are produced by traditional methods is through ____________________ . 9. Through genetic engineering, genes for a disease-causing virus’s surface proteins are inserted into a ________________________________________ . 10. Genetic engineering can be used to alter the __________________________ . 11. Pathogens that have been altered so that they no longer cause a disease can be used as a vaccine against _________________________________________ . Read the question and write your answer in the space provided. SKILL: Vocabulary Development 12. What is the meaning of the term prevention in the second sentence of the passage? _______________________________________________________________ Circle the letter of the phrase that best completes the statement. 13. A body that recognizes a pathogen’s surface proteins has likely a. received a vaccination for the disease. b. had the disease at an earlier time. c. been altered genetically. d. Both (a) and (b) Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 56 Genetic Engineering