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G/W2 ajb Passive Voice Passive voice sentences are often used in process writing because they focus on the result of the process not on the person who does it. Passives are formed with BE and a past participle. The past participles are the third form of the verbs that you study every Wednesday. The passive is sometimes followed by a prepositional phrase starting with by and ending with the person or thing doing the action. This prepositional phrase is referred to as the “by phrase”, and the object of the preposition is “the agent”. Only sentences with transitive verbs can be changed to passive voice. A transitive verb is one that can be followed by an object. (transitive verbs take an object) Passive sentences change the order of the subject and the object of an active sentence. The subject of the active sentence becomes the agent of the passive sentence. The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. subject verb object The Samba dancers entertained the crowd. subject verb object The crowd was entertained by the Samba dancers. The BE verb in a passive sentence is where you show the verb tense from the active sentence (simple past) ran (present progressive) is growing (modal) should ring was/were run is/am/are being grown should be run How to change an active sentence to passive voice. 1. Find the subject, verb, and object of the active sentence. 2. Write the object from the active sentence as the subject in the passive sentence. 3. Look at the verb in the active sentence. What verb tense is it? Write the BE verb that matches the tense of the active sentence and also agrees with the new subject. After that, write the past participle of the active verb. If you don’t remember what it is, look it up in your book! 4. *(if the agent is important or necessary) write a by-phrase to show the agent. Remember, most of the time you will NOT include the by-phrase. 5. Copy any prepositional phrases or clauses that remain from the active sentence. Remember to keep the phrases in the passive sentence in the same location as in the active sentence. Passive Voice Directions G/W2 ajb Passives Sentences without an Agent (by phrase) In many cases, the agent of the passive can and should be omitted. Here are some important reasons to omit the agent. The agent is obvious or unimportant. Coffee is grown in Colombia. (It doesn’t matter who the farmers are.) The agent is not known. This shirt was made in Guatemala. (We don’t know the person or company that made it.) The writer wants to hide or avoid saying who is responsible for an action or event. The news story was leaked to the public over the weekend. (The writer is protecting the person who leaked the story.) The agent is a general noun or pronoun. Turkey is eaten at Thanksgiving in the United States. (All Americans eat turkey at Thanksgiving, and all Americans is general.) PRACTICE: Change the following sentences to passive voice. 1. You should not eat food in class. _________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 2. People grow freesia and lilies on Hachijo-jima. _______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. People test students before being placed in classes. __________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The relatives of the dead must guard the grave. ______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Merchants sell traditional food at Saturday Market. ___________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Do people speak Spanish in Peru?_________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. When did someone invent the first computer? _______________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Passive Voice Directions G/W2 ajb Verbs with No Passive Forms Intransitive verbs are not followed by an object and do not have a passive form. Common intransitive verbs include: arrive fall run be go sit become happen sleep come look stand disagree have resemble struggle Some transitive verbs also do not have passive forms. These include: become cost fit Practice : Change the sentences to the passive form. If the verb in the sentence does not have a passive form (or if there is no object), write X next to the sentence to show it cannot be passive. ______ 1. The special costume fits Kaoru perfectly. ___________________________________________________________________________ ______ 2. The families bless the gifts to the spirits. ___________________________________________________________________________ ______ 3. Many cultures have special festivals in honor of the dead. ___________________________________________________________________________ ______ 4. People do not sleep well in hot weather. ___________________________________________________________________________ ______ 5. Families decorate the Buddhist altars. ____________________________________________________________________________ ______ 6. My parents arrive next summer. _____________________________________________________________________________ _______ 7. People burn incense and clean the cemeteries. ______________________________________________________________________________ Passive Voice Directions G/W2 ajb Name: Editing a Paragraph Read the paragraph. Correct the mistakes in passive voice. There are seven mistakes. Halloween Every year, the falling autumn leaves signal the approach of Halloween. It is one of the most popular holidays in the United States, and it enjoyed by both children and adults. Many parties are held on this occasion when special costumes, masks, and wigs worn. Some of the most popular costumes that are chose are characters from children’s fairy tales as well as witches, ghosts, and famous movie stars. Prizes are often given for the most unusual and creative disguises. Faces are paint with odd designs and colorful makeup. The fronts of many houses decorated with gravestones, monsters, and jack-o-lanterns. These lanterns are making from pumpkins, which are carved out to create scary or funny faces. On the night of Halloween, children go trick-or-treating, which means going from house to house to collect candy. For kids and adults alike, Halloween is great fun. However, remember that young children should to be accompanied by an adult at all times. Passive Voice Directions G/W2 ajb Name: ________________________ More Passive Practice: Active versus Passive (from Fundamentals of English Grammar) Directions: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb (active or passive) in parentheses. In order to choose which voice to use, think about who is doing the action. If the doer of the action is the same as the subject of the sentence, the verb should be active. If the doer of the action is not the subject of the sentence, use passive voice. (25 points) 1. Yesterday, our teacher (arrive) _______arrived_________________ five minutes late. (the person who arrived is the same as the subject of the sentence, so I don’t use passive. There is also a sentence clue yesterday that tells me to use simple past tense for the BE verb.) 2. Last night my favorite TV program (interrupt) ___was interrupted_____ by a special news bulletin. (the person who interrupted is not the same as the subject of the sentence, so I use passive voice. There is also a sentence clue Last night that tells me to use simple past tense for the BE verb.) 3. That’s not my coat. It (belong) _____belongs________________ to Louise. (the thing that belongs is the same as the subject of the sentence, so I don’t use passive. I chose the simple present tense because the action is a fact. I also noticed that the verb in the first sentence is in the simple present tense, so I know that the next sentence might also be in the same tense.) 4. Our mail (deliver) ___________________ before noon everyday. 5. The “b” in “comb” (pronounce, not) _______________________. It is silent. 6. Our morning paper (read) _____________________ by over 200,000 people every day. 7. A bad accident (happen) _______________________ on Highway 95 last night. 8. When I (arrive) ____________________ at the airport yesterday, I (meet) _________________ by my cousin and a couple of friends. 9. A new house (build) ___________________ next to ours next year. 10. Roberto (write) ______________________ this essay last week. That one on the table (write) __________________________ by Abdullah. Passive Voice Directions G/W2 ajb 11. Yesterday I (hear) ____________________ about their divorce. I (surprise)_________________ by the news because I (know, not) ___________________ they were having problems. 12. Radium (discover) ____________________ by Marie and Pierre Curie in 1989. 13. At the soccer game yesterday, the winning goal (kick) ___________________ by my sister, and more than 100,000 people (attend) ____________________ the game. 14. I don’t understand the explanation in the book. I (confuse) _____________________ by it. 15. I (go) ____________________ to New Jersey next year for college because I (accept) _______________________ by Princeton University. 16. When (your bike, steal) _________________________________________? 17. The Eiffel Tower (be) __________________ in Paris, France. It (visit) ______________________ by millions of people every year. It (design) ______________________ by Alexandre Eiffel (1832-1923). It (erect) __________________ in 1889 for the Paris Exposition. Since that time, it (be) ______________ the most famous landmark in Paris. Today it (recognize) ______________________ by people throughout the world. Passive Voice Directions