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Ch. 5 Focus/APES/Friedland
1.
Define a species.
2.
What is the most common measure of diversity?
3.
How many species have been named to date? What is the largest group contributing to this number?
4.
What is the range of estimated species on Earth? How many do most scientists estimate there are?
5.
What is the difference between species evenness and species richness? What do they measure when combined?
6.
What are phlogenies? What characteristics do scientists base them on?
7.
Name and describe two processes that create genetic diversity. Include an example of each.
8.
What traits are expressed in an individual’s phenotype?
9.
Describe an example of environmental effects on phenotype.
10. List and describe the three primary ways evolution occurs.
11. Distinguish between the random processes of evolution.
12. Give two examples of how geographic isolation can occur.
13. What is the difference between allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation?
14. What is the average global rate of evolution?
15. Reproduce figure 5.17. (can do at the bottom of the page)
16. What are genetically modified organisms and why might scientists want to produce them? (two reasons)
17. What is the difference between a fundamental niche and a realized niche of a species?
18. What percentage of species that have lived on Earth are extinct?
19. List the reason (from your text) why species might go extinct.
20. Name two types of historical dating techniques that were mentioned end of Ch. 5 that help us know when different
species lived on Earth.
21. What is the most accepted reason for the dinosaur extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period 65 million years ago?
22. List the causes of the sixth mass extinction.
23. How has The Nature Conservancy protected biodiversity over the past 50 years?
24. What are the ecosystem services provided by shellfish?
25. Why is conserving marine organisms challenging?