Download Chapter 15 Vocabulary

Chapter 15 Vocabulary
Section 15.1
Population – The number of people living in an area at a particular time.
Demography – The area of sociology devoted to the study of human population.
Birthrate - the measure used to describe the annual number of births per 1000 members of
a population.
Fertility – the actual numbers of births occurring to women of child-bearing age.
Fecundity – the biological capability to bear children.
Death rate – the measure used to describe the annual number of deaths per 1000 members
of a population.
Life Expectancy – the average number of years that a person born in a particular year can
expect to live.
Migration – the movement of people into a specified area per 1000 members.
Growth Rate – the rate of which a country’s population is growing.
Malthusian Theory – a theory that predicts that the Earth’s population will reach
astronomically high numbers.
Demographic-transition Theory – Population patterns are tied to that societies level of
technological development.
Family Planning – the conscious planning by couples to determine how many children
they will have.
Section 15.2
Urbanization – the movement of the population to concentrate in cities.
City – A permanent concentration of a relatively large number of people who are engaged
mainly in non-farming activities.
Over-urbanization – a situation in which more people live in a city than can be supported
in terms of jobs and facilities.
Section 15.3
Urban ecology – the sociological approach to the study of cities.
Concentric Zone model – a sociological model that describes a city as spreading from
outward from the center, creating rings or zones around it.
Sector Model – a sociological model that describes a city a spreading out in wedges
rather than in concentric zones.
Multiple nuclei model – a sociological model that describes a city does not develop
around any specific center, but around multiple areas.
Urban sprawl – a situation that occurs which is characterized by poorly planned city
development on the edge of cities and towns.
Urban anomie theory – a theory that states that cities are an anonymous and unfriendly
place and living there carries serious negative consequences for residents.
Compositional Theory – examines the way that the composition of the city influences
city life.
Subcultural Theory – theory that states that it is easier to form primary connections with
others in cities because there are more people who may share interests and ideas with you.