Gauteng Rural Development Strategy
... incorporate the present situation, the short-term and long-term perspective. The objective is not only to preserve current patterns of consumption, but also to avoid destitution or sacrificing future standards of living. The risk of livelihood failure determines the vulnerability of a household to i ...
... incorporate the present situation, the short-term and long-term perspective. The objective is not only to preserve current patterns of consumption, but also to avoid destitution or sacrificing future standards of living. The risk of livelihood failure determines the vulnerability of a household to i ...
systemic mobility - Beca Néstor Kirchner
... actually income classes or merely external indicators of income, invoked only in an upward direction and with varying levels of difficulty, depending on the society in question. This is closely linked to professional mobility, which consists of changing occupations, while job mobility usually reflec ...
... actually income classes or merely external indicators of income, invoked only in an upward direction and with varying levels of difficulty, depending on the society in question. This is closely linked to professional mobility, which consists of changing occupations, while job mobility usually reflec ...
Utatlan: The Constituted Community of the K`iche Maya of Q`umarkaj
... Geoffrey Braswell (2003b) summarized the archaeological, linguistic, and ethnohistoric data to conclude the K’iche’ development did not require migration of a Chontal-Nahua or other Mexicanized people to the Quiche Basin. Braswell questioned the arguments based on archaeological traits that were cla ...
... Geoffrey Braswell (2003b) summarized the archaeological, linguistic, and ethnohistoric data to conclude the K’iche’ development did not require migration of a Chontal-Nahua or other Mexicanized people to the Quiche Basin. Braswell questioned the arguments based on archaeological traits that were cla ...
Nature-based solutions to climate change mitigation and adaptation
... climate change adaptation and mitigation in cites (section 5). In particular, four areas of existing evidence are presented: (i) Green roofs and facades as a NBS; (ii) the effects of NBS on biodiversity; (iii) urban parks and street trees as part of the green infrastructure of a city as a NBS to cli ...
... climate change adaptation and mitigation in cites (section 5). In particular, four areas of existing evidence are presented: (i) Green roofs and facades as a NBS; (ii) the effects of NBS on biodiversity; (iii) urban parks and street trees as part of the green infrastructure of a city as a NBS to cli ...
full article
... approaching bodies without respect to the individuals involved. But situational ranking can also include accommodation, retreat or even surrender based on anticipated or direct experience of the other. In such cases it usually does take into account the persons or their group habitus and respective ...
... approaching bodies without respect to the individuals involved. But situational ranking can also include accommodation, retreat or even surrender based on anticipated or direct experience of the other. In such cases it usually does take into account the persons or their group habitus and respective ...
A DMP MODEL OF INTERCITY TRADE
... and out-of-the-labor force. The present paper emphasizes city specialization and intercity trade, while allowing for richness that is unmatched by other models, including how the prospect of unemployment affects urban structure under different settings for job matching. This paper is not the first to ...
... and out-of-the-labor force. The present paper emphasizes city specialization and intercity trade, while allowing for richness that is unmatched by other models, including how the prospect of unemployment affects urban structure under different settings for job matching. This paper is not the first to ...
Social and Cultural Determinants of Entrepreneurship Development
... contributes to the incomes of residents increasing, but; to various extents, provides residents with a better access to specific public or commercial services, which deficit is particularly noticeable in rural areas, not only in Poland, but also in other European Union’s countries. I particularly me ...
... contributes to the incomes of residents increasing, but; to various extents, provides residents with a better access to specific public or commercial services, which deficit is particularly noticeable in rural areas, not only in Poland, but also in other European Union’s countries. I particularly me ...
National report
... as the conclusions of the COP 21 Climate Conference of December 2015. In a global context in which poverty is on the decline, the effects of repeated economic crises and of climate change have nonetheless accelerated the process of human migration, to dramatic effect. At the same time, the percentag ...
... as the conclusions of the COP 21 Climate Conference of December 2015. In a global context in which poverty is on the decline, the effects of repeated economic crises and of climate change have nonetheless accelerated the process of human migration, to dramatic effect. At the same time, the percentag ...
Framework for Analysis: Agriculture and the Rural Sector in
... Migration is not simply from rural areas to large cities. Secondary cities and market towns are major destinations; policymakers must consider their role in economic growth, politics, and poverty reduction. Rural people also move to other rural areas. This seems especially true of women, who marry ...
... Migration is not simply from rural areas to large cities. Secondary cities and market towns are major destinations; policymakers must consider their role in economic growth, politics, and poverty reduction. Rural people also move to other rural areas. This seems especially true of women, who marry ...
Global Cities and the Spread of Infectious Disease
... becomes deepened, such that the impact of distant events is magnified, while at the same time, local events may have global consequences. In other words, the impact propensity of global interconnectedness increases. It is against this backdrop of globalization that changes in the qualitative and qua ...
... becomes deepened, such that the impact of distant events is magnified, while at the same time, local events may have global consequences. In other words, the impact propensity of global interconnectedness increases. It is against this backdrop of globalization that changes in the qualitative and qua ...
Systems Thinking and Sustainable Urban Development
... how our decisions on an everyday level utilize the Earth’s resources. The world we live in is being characterized and dominated by cities, as the growth in urban areas is significantly larger compared to the overall growth in the world UNFPA (2007). The reality is that most city dwellers have an eco ...
... how our decisions on an everyday level utilize the Earth’s resources. The world we live in is being characterized and dominated by cities, as the growth in urban areas is significantly larger compared to the overall growth in the world UNFPA (2007). The reality is that most city dwellers have an eco ...
global cities of the future a gcc perspective
... dimensions, from business activity and human capital to governance and underlying connecting infrastructures. The dominant cities are not only strong centers of economic power and social and cultural influence; they are innovators and disruptors of traditional models for doing things. These cities h ...
... dimensions, from business activity and human capital to governance and underlying connecting infrastructures. The dominant cities are not only strong centers of economic power and social and cultural influence; they are innovators and disruptors of traditional models for doing things. These cities h ...
Chapter 4: Economic growth and chronic poverty
... increasing value-added, either as producers to effectively connect protection. In doing so, it touches upon two themselves or as employees – frequently chronically poor people chronic poverty traps – poor work opporswitching between or integrating farmto the growth process. tunities, and spatial dis ...
... increasing value-added, either as producers to effectively connect protection. In doing so, it touches upon two themselves or as employees – frequently chronically poor people chronic poverty traps – poor work opporswitching between or integrating farmto the growth process. tunities, and spatial dis ...
The rationalization of rural life
... the middle class, retired and independent professionals), economic transformations (with the increase in non-agricultural income and the diversification of rural economies), and institutional innovations (with the growing regulation of the rural world due to its importance as a landscape and a sourc ...
... the middle class, retired and independent professionals), economic transformations (with the increase in non-agricultural income and the diversification of rural economies), and institutional innovations (with the growing regulation of the rural world due to its importance as a landscape and a sourc ...
- LSE Research Online
... boundaries between sociology and anthropology were much less clear-cut previously, something that is also evident in the way they share key foundational intellectual figures such as Immanuel Kant or Emile Durkheim, for example. At the same time, this particular genesis also implicitly highlights how ...
... boundaries between sociology and anthropology were much less clear-cut previously, something that is also evident in the way they share key foundational intellectual figures such as Immanuel Kant or Emile Durkheim, for example. At the same time, this particular genesis also implicitly highlights how ...
幻灯片 1
... and the countryside, can talents of the whole society members be fully developed.’ Lenin also points out that ‘The status of rural residents can only be improved, freeing them from isolated and helpless situation and position when they have migrated into the cities with a mingling of both agricultur ...
... and the countryside, can talents of the whole society members be fully developed.’ Lenin also points out that ‘The status of rural residents can only be improved, freeing them from isolated and helpless situation and position when they have migrated into the cities with a mingling of both agricultur ...
Terms
... Why has the city been undertheorized in anthropology? Urban analysis has been left to a group of scholars who draw from architecture, history, geography, planning, sociology, and economics (33, 43, 79, 80, 210, 216, 222, 224, 254), bringing their unique interdisciplinary skills to the study of the c ...
... Why has the city been undertheorized in anthropology? Urban analysis has been left to a group of scholars who draw from architecture, history, geography, planning, sociology, and economics (33, 43, 79, 80, 210, 216, 222, 224, 254), bringing their unique interdisciplinary skills to the study of the c ...
migrant incorporation and city scale: towards a theory of
... rate, the “regulatory regime”, or the degree of “spatial segregation” (Koopmans and Stratham 2000; Musterd and Ostendorf 2005). Studies conducted with locality-specific variables developed in particular cities have been used to build concepts of ethnic enclaves or ethnic entrepreneurship, which hav ...
... rate, the “regulatory regime”, or the degree of “spatial segregation” (Koopmans and Stratham 2000; Musterd and Ostendorf 2005). Studies conducted with locality-specific variables developed in particular cities have been used to build concepts of ethnic enclaves or ethnic entrepreneurship, which hav ...
Construction of Digital Elevation Models
... a medium-size city, typical of southern Italy and of the eastern Mediterranean area. The city is in the middle of a narrow peninsula about 40 km wide and 70 km long. Lecce has about 100 000 inhabitants and is known for its important cultural building heritage. Urban pollution sources, such as heavy ...
... a medium-size city, typical of southern Italy and of the eastern Mediterranean area. The city is in the middle of a narrow peninsula about 40 km wide and 70 km long. Lecce has about 100 000 inhabitants and is known for its important cultural building heritage. Urban pollution sources, such as heavy ...
The Vitality and Turmoil of Urban Life, 1877– 1920
... Although scientific and technological breakthroughs improved urban life, the burden of urban poverty remained. While some reformers began to look to environmental factors to explain poverty, traditional attitudes toward poverty—attitudes that blamed the victim—restricted what most Americans were wil ...
... Although scientific and technological breakthroughs improved urban life, the burden of urban poverty remained. While some reformers began to look to environmental factors to explain poverty, traditional attitudes toward poverty—attitudes that blamed the victim—restricted what most Americans were wil ...
Study Guide - Cengage Learning
... Urban areas also had to contend with crime and violence. Whether crime actually increased or was merely more conspicuous can be debated, but in many cases native whites blamed crime on those they considered to be “outsiders” in American society—foreigners and blacks. The ethnic diversity of the citi ...
... Urban areas also had to contend with crime and violence. Whether crime actually increased or was merely more conspicuous can be debated, but in many cases native whites blamed crime on those they considered to be “outsiders” in American society—foreigners and blacks. The ethnic diversity of the citi ...
Urban Metabolism at UCL – A working paper
... reproduction of the city, both as a biophysical and socio-‐economic entity. Urban metabolism has also inspired new ways of thinking about how cities can be made sustainable and has raised crit ...
... reproduction of the city, both as a biophysical and socio-‐economic entity. Urban metabolism has also inspired new ways of thinking about how cities can be made sustainable and has raised crit ...
Construction of Digital Elevation Models for a
... city of Lecce, Italy, as an example of a typical southern European or Mediterranean city. The calculation is based on extensions of some available algorithms based on image processing techniques developed within the Matlab proprietary software environment as discussed by Ratti et al. (2000) and Ratt ...
... city of Lecce, Italy, as an example of a typical southern European or Mediterranean city. The calculation is based on extensions of some available algorithms based on image processing techniques developed within the Matlab proprietary software environment as discussed by Ratti et al. (2000) and Ratt ...
Urbanization
Urbanization is a population shift from rural to urban areas, ""the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas"", and the ways in which each society adapts to the change. It is predominantly the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people begin living and working in central areas. The United Nations projected that half of the world's population would live in urban areas at the end of 2008. It is predicted that by 2050 about 64% of the developing world and 86% of the developed world will be urbanized. That is equivalent to approximately 3 billion urbanites by 2050, much of which will occur in Africa and Asia. Notably, the United Nations has also recently projected that nearly all global population growth from 2015 to 2030 will be absorbed by cities, about 1.1 new urbanites over the next 15 years.Urbanization is relevant to a range of disciplines, including geography, sociology, economics, urban planning, and public health. The phenomenon has been closely linked to modernization, industrialization, and the sociological process of rationalization. Urbanization can be seen as a specific condition at a set time (e.g. the proportion of total population or area in cities or towns) or as an increase in that condition over time. So urbanization can be quantified either in terms of, say, the level of urban development relative to the overall population, or as the rate at which the urban proportion of the population is increasing. Urbanization creates enormous social, economic and environmental changes, which provide an opportunity for sustainability with the “potential to use resources more efficiently, to create more sustainable land use and to protect the biodiversity of natural ecosystems.” Urbanization is not merely a modern phenomenon, but a rapid and historic transformation of human social roots on a global scale, whereby predominantly rural culture is being rapidly replaced by predominantly urban culture. The first major change in settlement patterns was the accumulation of hunter-gatherers into villages many thousand years ago. Village culture is characterized by common bloodlines, intimate relationships, and communal behavior whereas urban culture is characterized by distant bloodlines, unfamiliar relations, and competitive behavior. This unprecedented movement of people is forecast to continue and intensify during the next few decades, mushrooming cities to sizes unthinkable only a century ago.Today, in Asia the urban agglomerations of Osaka, Karachi, Jakarta, Mumbai, Shanghai, Manila, Seoul, and Beijing are each already home to over 20 million people, while Delhi and Tokyo are forecast to approach or exceed 40 million people each within the coming decade. Outside Asia, Mexico City, São Paulo, New York, Lagos, Los Angeles, and Cairo are fast approaching being, or are already, home to over 20 million people.