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Name ______________________________________
Per. ______
2nd Semester Final Review Physical Science
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1.
The distance traveled by an object divided by the time it takes to travel that distance is
called ___________________.
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2.
In order to determine speed, you must know what two variables?
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3.
What is the speed of an object at rest?
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4.
The difference between speed and velocity is that velocity includes ________________.
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5.
Acceleration is defined as the change in velocity divided by ___________________.
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6.
The SI unit for acceleration is _________________.
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7.
On a velocity-time graph, a line with a negative slope indicates that the object is
____________________________.
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8.
When the velocity of an object changes, it is acted upon by a ________________.
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9.
If the net force acting on a stationary object is zero, then the object will stay at ________.
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10.
Friction is defined as ______________________________________________________.
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11.
A force is continuously applied to an object, causing it to accelerate. After a period of
time, however, the object stops accelerating. What is slowing it down?
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12.
Which value indicates an increase in speed?
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13.
Which two variables are needed for calculating momentum?
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14.
If you divide momentum by velocity, the result is the value of the object’s ___________.
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15.
A 10.0 kg dog chasing a rabbit north at 6.0 m/s has a momentum of
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16.
If you are given the mass of an object in pounds, the time in seconds, and the distance in
feet, what must you do before you can calculate the momentum in SI units?
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17.
Weight is best described as _______________________________________________.
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18.
When objects are moved further apart from each other, the force of gravity __________.
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19.
Of the following, the greatest gravitational force would occur between
a marble and a baseball 5 meters apart
Or
the Moon and Earth?
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20.
The law that states that every object maintains constant velocity unless acted on by an
unbalanced force is the __________ Law of Motion.
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21.
The law that states that for every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force
is the _________ Law of Motion.
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22.
The law that states that the unbalanced force acting on an object equals the object’s mass
times its acceleration is the __________ Law of Motion.
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23.
Which of the following is true?
Weight and mass are proportional but not equal.
Weight is the gravitational force an object experiences due to its mass.
The weight of an object on Earth is greater than the weight of the same object on the
surface of the moon, but the object’s mass stays the same.
All of the above
a.
b.
c.
d.
15 m/s2
0 m/s2
4 m/s2
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24.
What kind of object does not have momentum? One that isn’t __________________.
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25.
What is the reaction force when you place a cup on a table?
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26.
If two objects with different masses and traveling with different velocities collide, what
law allows you to predict the motion of the objects after the collision?
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27.
Express the following as an equation: One Newton is the force that can give an object
with a mass of 1 kg an acceleration of 1 m/s2.
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28.
In the absence of air resistance, how would the acceleration of a 1.5 kg book and the
acceleration of a 15 kg rock differ if the objects were dropped from the same height?
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29.
A boy pushes on a parked car with a force of 200 N. The car does not move. How much
work does the boy do on the car?
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30.
What are the units of work? Besides kgm2/s2, there are two more.
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31.
A man pushes a crate along a factory floor by exerting a force of 55 N. If the crate moves
a distance of 4.0 m, how much work does the man perform?
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32.
What are the units of power? Besides J/s there are two more.
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33.
A weightlifter presses a 400 N weight 0.5 m over his head in 2 seconds. What is the
power of the weightlifter?
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34.
What is the mechanical advantage of a ramp that is 10 meters long and 2 meters high?
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35.
A machine is a device that ____________ and _____________ the direction of an input
force.
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36.
In a first-class lever, where is the fulcrum located?
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37.
A wheelbarrow is an example of what kind of lever?
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38.
What is an example of a third-class lever?
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39.
What is the mechanical advantage of a single fixed pulley?
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40.
What is an example of a wheel and axle?
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41.
An inclined plane changes both the magnitude and the direction of the input __________.
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42.
Which of the following is not in the inclined plane family?
a. a wedge
c. a ramp
b. a screw
d. a wheel and axle
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43.
Gravitational potential energy depends on what three factors?
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44.
The efficiency of a ramp is 75%. If the amount of work input is 240 J, what is the amount
of useful work output?
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45.
The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be _________________ nor
_________________.
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46.
Temperature is
associated with the sensation of hot and cold.
proportional to the average kinetic energy of molecules.
measured with thermometers.
All of the above
a.
b.
c.
d.
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47.
What is 37.0 degrees Celsius on the Fahrenheit scale?
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48.
As the kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance increases, the temperature
_____________.
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49.
The transfer of energy caused by the collision of molecules is called
____
50.
The transfer of energy by the movement of fluids or gases with different temperatures is
called
____
51.
Energy from the sun reaches Earth by
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52.
Convection currents rise in air because cool air __________ and hot air __________.
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53.
Which method of energy transfer does not involve movement of matter?
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54.
Which of the following substances is the best conductor of transferring energy as heat?
a. carbon dioxide gas
c. iron
b. water
d. rubber
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55.
Suppose a fixed number of joules of energy is added as heat to 1 kg of a substance. For
which substance will the rise in temperature be the least?
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56.
Energy as heat flows from a ___________ temp to a __________ temp.
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57.
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58.
In an air conditioner, a substance that easily evaporates and condenses is used to transfer
energy from a room to the air outside. When the substance evaporates, it absorbs energy as heat
from ______________________________.
What temperature does water freeze and boil in the Fahrenheit temperature scale?
Specific Heats at 25C
Substance
Water (liquid)
Steam
Ammonia (gas)
Ethanol (liquid)
Aluminum
Carbon (graphite)
c (J/kgK)
4186
1870
2060
2440
897
709
Substance
Copper
Gold
Iron
Mercury
Lead
Silver
c (J/kgK)
385
129
449
140
129
234
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59.
Using the table, determine which substance can absorb the most energy in a temperature
increase of 1 K.
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60.
Which substance has a specific heat approximately 10 times greater than the specific heat
of silver?
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61.
10 kg of a substance underwent a 3 K change in temperature when 11 500 J of energy as
heat was added to the substance. What is the substance?
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62.
Sound waves need to travel through a ______________________.
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63.
Light waves are examples of ________________________________ waves.
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64.
Water waves transport ________________ but not water.
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65.
The medium seismic waves travel through is _________________________________.
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66.
Sound waves are transverse or longitudinal waves?
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67.
Light waves are transverse or longitudinal waves?
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68. The wavelength of the wave in the diagram is _____________ m.
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69. The amplitude of the wave in the diagram is _____________ m.
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70. A man is standing on the shore of a beach, up to his knees in water. Every 5 seconds a wave
breaks on him. What is the period of the wave?
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71. A train of waves is moving at a speed of 30 m/s. The frequency of the waves is 10 Hz. What
is the wavelength?
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72. A person is standing still and listening to a siren sounding an alarm. The frequency of the
sound is 500 Hz. What will happen to the frequency as the person runs toward the sound?
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73. The frequency of a sound wave determines the ______________ of the sound.
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74. How loud a sound is depends on the height or _________________ of the wave.
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75. Which type of wave has the higher frequency? Visible light or X-rays?
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76. The color of light is determined by __________________ of the light waves.
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77. Which type of electromagnetic wave has the greatest wavelength?
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78. A wave x meters long has a speed of y meters per second. What calculation is needed to
solve for the frequency of the wave?
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79. A wave with a frequency of 0.5 Hz and a speed of 10 m/s has a wavelength of?
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80. Sound travels fastest in what kind of medium? Gas, liquid, or solid?
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81. Resonance refers to an effect in which the vibration of one object causes another object to
vibrate at natural ____________________.
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82. A sonar system measures distance by determining the time it takes for sound waves to
______________ off a surface.
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83. Which type of electromagnetic waves has slightly longer wavelengths than red light?
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84. Which type of waves has wavelengths longer than microwaves?
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85. Which type of electromagnetic waves has the highest frequency?
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86. When light rays reflect off a rough surface, do they scatter, converge, or diverge?
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87. The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of
_____________________.
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90. An orange looks orange because it _______________ orange light and absorbs other colors.
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91. When light moves from a material in which its speed is higher to a material in which its
speed is lower, does the ray bend inward or outward?
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94. Light rays that pass through a lens change direction because they are bent; in other words
they are _____________________.
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95. Which drawing illustrates the law of reflection?
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96. When a glass rod is rubbed with silk and becomes positively charged, where did the
electrons go?
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97. Electric force varies depending on the charge and ________________ distance between the
charged objects.
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98. What kind of charge does every charged particle produce? Negative, positive, magnetic, or
electric?
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99. Electric field lines indicate both direction and relative _________________.
100. Potential difference is measured in _______________.
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101. Batteries typically have one ____________ and one ____________ terminal.
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102. An electric current is produced when charges are accelerated by an electric field to move to
a position of potential energy that is … higher or lower?
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103. Current is the rate at which charges move through a(n) __________________.
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104. Potential differences cause ____________________ to move from the negative to positive
terminal.
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105. Resistance is caused by internal ___________________________.
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106. The SI unit of resistance is the _____________________.
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107. A flashlight bulb with a potential difference of 4.5 V across its filament has a power output
of 8.0 W. How much current is in the bulb filament?
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108. A 13  resistor has 0.050 A of current in it. What is the potential difference across the
resistor?
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109. A resistor has a resistance of 280 . How much current is in the resistor if there is a
potential difference of 120 V across the resistor?
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110. A set of electric trains are powered by a 9V battery. What is the resistance of the trains if
they draw 3.0 A of current?
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111. Rank the following materials in order of least resistance to most resistance.
Conductors, insulators, semiconductors, superconductors
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112. A color television draws about 2.5 A when it is connected to a 120 V outlet. Assuming
electrical energy costs $0.060 per kWh, what is the cost of running the television for exactly 8
hours?
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113.
Which substances lose their magnetism more easily than others? Hard or soft?
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114.
Like magnetic poles always ______________ each other.
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115.
T or F? Magnetic force is strongest near a magnet’s pole, is a field force, and acts as a
distance.
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116.
The magnetic field strength of a magnet __________ as distance from the magnet
increases.
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117.
What instrument is used to trace the direction of a magnetic field?
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118.
What causes a compass needle to point to geographic north?
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119.
Where are Earth’s magnetic poles are located?
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120.
Magnetic fields are produced by electric _________________________.
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121. Magnetic field around a current-carrying wire forms concentric ____________ around the wire.
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122.The magnetic field created by current in wire can be increased by doing what to the coil?
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123.The magnetic field of a solenoid can be increased by ______ the loops on the solenoid.
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124.The strength of the magnetic field of a solenoid can be increased by inserting an ________ rod.
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125.
How are the domains distributed in a magnetized substance?
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126.
How are the magnetic domains arranged in an UNmagnetized piece of iron?
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127.
A device that converts electric energy into mechanical energy is a(n) _________.
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128.
When an iron rod is inserted into a solenoid’s center, the magnetic field produced
by the current in the loops causes alignment of the _________________ in the iron.
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129.
When a wire is moving perpendicular to a magnetic field, the force on the
charges is… Maximum or Zero?
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130.
Light travels as ____________________________ waves.