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Hydrocarbon Review
Biology 6.0
Name:
Date:
Period:
1. The name for a hydrocarbon generally consists of two parts. The first part indicates the number of carbon
atoms in the chain. Fill in the blanks.
1 C atom –
6 C atoms –
2 C atoms–
7 C atoms –
3 C atoms-
8 C atoms –
4 C atoms –
9 C atoms–
5 C atoms –
10 C atoms –
2. The second part of the name of a hydrocarbon is the same as that of its series. When you know the series to
which a hydrocarbon belongs, you have other information available: Fill in the blanks.
SERIES
NAME ENDING
GENERAL FORMULA BONDING IN C CHAIN
Alkane
Cn H2n+2
Double bond
-C=C-
Alkyne
-yne
3. How many carbon atoms are in each hydrocarbon below?
a) Methane
f) Hexane
k) Decane
b) Ethane
g) Ethyne
l) Butyne
c) Ethene
h) Propane
m) Butene
d) Pentane
i) Heptane
n) Propyne
e) Propene
j) Octene
o) Butane
4. Name each of the formulas by first writing down the carbon-count “prefix,” then add the ending indicating
the series to which the compound belongs
a) C2H2
h) C5H10
b) C5H12
i) C2H4
c) C3H8
j) C3H4
d) C7H14
k) C4H6
e) CH4
l) C6H12
f) C3H6
m) C8H18
g) C7H12
n) C10H18
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Hydrocarbon Models & Naming Practice
Name:
6.0 Biology
Date:
Period:
Atoms bond with other atoms in specific ways. In this lab, you will construct the molecules indicated in the
boxes below using the molecular model kits. Remember – carbon forms four bonds. These bonds can be single,
double or triple. Oxygen and nitrogen can also form single and double bonds. Use the correct colors for the
different elements: black = carbon, white = hydrogen, red = oxygen, blue = nitrogen.
After you have constructed the molecules, draw the structure of the molecule in the space provided. Draw the
molecule to the shape you see with the models.
Substance
Structure
Formula
Series
Methane
2-Butyne
1-Pentene
2-Hexene
Propane
2-Pentyne
Hexane
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Organic Names and Structures
Name: ________________________
Honors Biology
Date:
Structure
Name
Period:
Molecular
Formula
Type of
Hydrocarbon
(series)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
CH3 CH
6.
CH3 C
CH CH2 CH3
C
CH2 CH3
7.
3
Structure
Name
8.
3-hexyne
9.
ethene
10.
decane
11.
3-heptene
12.
4-octyne
13.
2-butyne
14.
2-nonene
Molecular
Formula
Type of
Hydrocarbon
(series)
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Functional Group Practice
Biology 6.0
Name:
Date:
Period:
Directions: In the following activity, you are going to build different types of simple organic molecules. After
each step you should return back to the original molecule, before proceeding to the next arrangement.
Follow the directions to this lab very carefully. For each direction that cannot be followed you will lose
one point. You have been warned! 
A. Build the molecule
C. Draw the structure
B. Name the molecule, when applicable
D. Obtain Teacher’s Initial
1. Build the molecule, pentane, using your model kit.
Draw the 2-D image of the model below. (You must draw the chemical symbol for Hydrogen wherever H is found)
2. Make the model from step #1 into an alkene by making a double bond between the 2nd and 3rd carbon.
Name this molecule: __________________________
Teacher’s Initial: _____________
Draw a 2-D image of this molecule.
3. Remove a hydrogen atom from the 3rd carbon and in its place you are going to add a methyl group. A
methyl group is a branch off of the carbon skeleton that has only one carbon surrounded by 3 hydrogen
atoms. Build this molecule.
Teacher’s Initial: _____________
Draw a 2-D Image of this molecule.
Naming this molecule:
Step 1: Which carbon does the branch connect to on the carbon skeleton? ________
Step 2: How many carbon atoms are in the branch (Not including the carbon that is a part of the carbon
skeleton? ______ What is the prefix associated with that number? _________ Add the suffix –yl to the
prefix from the previous question to make __________.
Step 3: What would the name of the carbon skeleton be if there was no branch attached to the molecule?
_____________
Step 4: Take the last blank in each of the previous steps and put them together!
____ __________ ________________
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4. Carbonyl Functional Group (Aldehydes) Remove two hydrogen atoms from the 1st carbon. In their place,
attach one oxygen atom using a double bond.
Name of Molecule: __________________________
Teacher’s Initial: _____________
Draw the 2-D image. (Circle the Aldehyde functional group including the carbon within the skeleton)
5. Carbonyl Functional Group (Ketones) Remove two hydrogen atoms from a carbon atom that is NOT on
the end. (You have three to choose from!) In their place, add a double bonded oxygen.
Name of Molecule: __________________________
Draw the 2-D image. (Circle the Functional Group)
Teacher’s Initial: _____________
6. Hydroxyl Functional Group (Alcohols): Remove one hydrogen from any carbon atom. In its place add a
single bonded oxygen to the open location. Add another hydrogen atom to the unpaired location on the
oxygen atom.
Name of Molecule: _____________________________
Teacher’s Initial: _____________
Draw a 2-D model and circle the functional group. A functional group is anything that has been added to the carbon skeleton, but
it also includes the carbon that within the carbon skeleton.
7. Carboxyl Functional Group (Acids): Remove three hydrogen atoms from an end carbon. Attach a double
bonded oxygen to the end. Also, attach a 2nd oxygen atom to the open location via a single bond. Fill the
unpaired electron on the second oxygen with a hydrogen atom.
Name of Molecule: ___________________________________
Draw a 2-D model and circle the functional group.
Teacher’s Initial: _____________
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8. Sulfhydryl functional group (thiols): Remove one hydrogen from ANY carbon atom. Attach a Sulfur atom
to the carbon. A sulfur atom has 6 valence electrons. In the other unpaired electron, add a hydrogen atom.
Teacher’s Initial: _____________
Name of Molecule: _________________________________
Draw a 2-D model and circle the functional group.
Part 2: Circle the functional group on each of the following hydrocarbons. Name the compound.
1.
2.
Functional Group:
Functional Group:
Compound Name:
Compound Name:
3.
4.
Functional Group:
Functional Group:
Compound Name:
Compound Name:
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Circle the functional groups that are in each molecule. More than one functional group can be found in a
molecule.
Formaldehyde is the starting point for making many chemicals.
Functional Group(s):
Formic acid gives ant venom its sting.
Functional Group(s):
Lactic acid builds up as a waste product in exercising muscles and makes them
feel tired.
Functional Group(s):
Ethylene glycol is in automobile antifreeze.
Functional Group(s):
Acrolein is produced when meat is heated (burnt fat); it is the barbecue smell.
Functional Group(s):
Serine is part of many protein molecules.
Functional Group(s):
Urea is a waste product in urine.
Functional Group(s):
Putresine’s name is descriptive; it is produced in rotting flesh from the
breakdown of amino acids.
Functional Group(s):
G3P is an intermediate step in plant’s production of sugar.
Functional Group(s):
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FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
Functional
Group
Structure
Compound
Name
Naming
Properties
Example
 Polar
 Attracts
water (good
solvent)
Hydroxyl
Alcohols
-ol
Carbonyl
(end)
Aldehydes
-al
Carbonyl
(middle)
Ketones
-one
Carboxyl
Carboxylic
Acid
(Organic
Acids)
-oic acid
 Acidic
properties
Amino
Amines
-amine
 Basic
properties
 Structural
isomers with
different
properties
X
 Makes the
molecule and
anion
 Transfer
energy
Methyl
Methylated
Compounds
X
 May affect
gene
expression
Sulfhydryl
Thiols
-thiol
Phosphate
Phosphates
 Stabilize
proteins
methanethiol
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Functional Group & Hydrocarbon Review
Name:
6.0 Biology
Date:
Period:
Circle the functional group and identify the class of compounds formed (What it makes…) by the added
functional group.
H
|
A. __________________
A.
H
O
B.
H O H
|
//
|
| |
H–C–C
H-C- C -C-H
B. ___________________
|
\
|
| |
H
OH
H H H
C. ___________________
D. ___________________
H H O H
| | || |
C. H – C – C – C –C – H
| |
|
H H
H
H H O
|
| ||
D. H – C – C – C– H
| |
H H
E. ____________________
H H H H
| |
| |
E. H – N – C – C – C– H
| | |
H H H
COMPLETION
____________________ 1. The name of a straight chain hydrocarbon having 6 carbon atoms contains the
prefix -?-.
____________________ 2. A hydrocarbon with a double bond in the carbon chain is classified as a/an _____
____________________ 3. The general formula to determine the number of hydrogen atoms for the
hydrocarbon series having a triple bond is __________.
____________________ 4. The formula for an organic acid contains the functional group __________
____________________ 5. The formula for ethane is __________
____________________ 6. All organic compounds contain the element __________
____________________ 7. For an alkane to have an isomer, there must be at least ______carbon atoms in the
chain.
____________________ 8. A molecule of propane contains ______hydrogen atoms.
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____________________ 9. The prefix for four carbon atoms is __________
_____________________10. The amino group and carboxyl groups are both in a molecule of a/an _______
(Hint: It is the monomer for proteins.)
_____________________11. The –OH functional group is found in compounds called __________
_____________________12. A double-bonded oxygen and an –OH are bonded onto the same carbon
atom is in compounds called
.
_____________________13. Each carbon atom can make ____covalent bonds.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
______ 1. C5H8 and C3H4 are classified as
A. alkanes
B. alkynes
C. alkenes
D. isomers
______ 2. C2H6 and C3H8 are members of an
A. alkane series
B. alkene series
C. alkyne series
D. alcohol series
______ 3. C3H6 and C8H16 are alike in that they both contain
A. a double bond in the carbon chain
C. only single-bonded carbon atoms
B. a triple bond in the carbon chain
D. a double-bonded hydrogen atom
______ 4. The functional group –NH2 is found in compounds called
A. aldehydes
B. organic acids
C. esters
D. amines
______ 5. An alkane has a general formula of
A. CnH2n
B. CnH2n+2
D. C2n-2Hn
C. C2n+2Hn
______ 6. Compounds with the same composition and different properties are called
A. isotopes
B. isomers
C. functional groups
D. homologs
______ 7. The name for C7H12 is
A. hexyne
C. nonane
D. heptyne
______ 8. Saturated hydrocarbons belong to the series called
A. alkanes
B. alkynes
C. alkones
D. alkenes
______ 9. The name for the ketone functional group is
A. carbonyl
B. hydroxyl
D. phosphate
B. octane
C. carboxyl
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Name the compounds:
a)
H – C≡C – H
H H
| |
d) H – C = C – C – H
|
|
H
H
a) ___________________________
b) ___________________________
c) ___________________________
H H H H
| | | |
b) H – C – C - C – C – H
| | | |
H H H H
H
|
e). H – C – H
|
H
d) ___________________________
e) ___________________________
H H H H
| | | |
c) H – C – C – C – C = C – H
| | |
|
H H H
H
Answer the following questions
1. What is the general formula for all alkenes? _______________________________
2. What is the general formula for all alkynes? _______________________________
3. Why can there not be a methene or methyne? ______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. What type of bond is found in hydrocarbons? _______________________
5. Hydrocarbons can store a lot of energy because of numerous _______________________.
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