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The Earth’s Formation Physical and chemical processes change our planet everyday Earth as we know it is the result of events that happened ______________________ The most widely accepted model of the formation of the solar system is called the ____________________ According to scientists, the Earth and our solar system formed about _______________________ The Nebular Hypothesis states _______________________________________________ called a nebula The cloud (nebula) was over 10 billion kilometers in diameter Originally a large ___________________________________ became unstable The most dense part of the cloud started to collapse under the __________________ Gravity pulled the dust and gas toward the center of the cloud, causing the cloud to take on a spherical shape. This cloud started rotating, and the dust particles combined to form ______________________ The planetesimals combined to form _________________________________________________ The planetesimals ___________________________, sometimes colliding with other objects in space. Eventually these objects develop into planets and moons. Earth’s Size and Shape • Earth is an __________________________________________ • Total surface area – ______________________________ • 149 million square kilometers above sea level (dry land) • ______________________________________________ Earth’s Interior The Earth is like an onion. Its made of layers The Inner Core • Composed of ___________________________________ • 6371 km from the surface • Temperature – ________________________________ The Outer Core • Composed of _________________________________ • 5150 km from the surface • Temperature – ___________________________________ The Mantle • Composed mostly of _______________________________________ • _________________________________________ • 2890 km from the surface • 1500 – 3200 degrees Kelvin The material in the mantle is known as ‘magma’ Magma is _____________________________________________________________ The Crust • ________________________________________________________________ • 0-65 kilometers from the surface The crust is divided into 2 layers classified by the physical properties Asthenosphere – ___________________________________ __________________________ – composed of the upper mantle and crust In summary, the Earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago from a whirling cloud of dust and gas called a nebula. It developed layers, like a jawbreaker, as it cooled and dense material sank to the center.