Download Biology_Spring_Exam_Review_2014

Name ______________________________
Period __________
Biology Spring Final Exam Review 2013
Reproduction: Cell Cycle, Mitosis (Chp 6) DNA Structure and Function (Chp 9) Meiosis
(Chp 7), Reproductive Systems (Chp 24 & 43)
1. What happens in each phase of the cell cycle: (Be specific)
a. G1
b. S
c. G2
d. Prophase
e. Metaphase
f.
Anaphase
g. Telophase
h. Cytokinesis
2. What is the difference between somatic cells and gametes?
3. What is divided in mitosis? Which type of cells complete mitosis?
4. Mitosis produces cells that are a(n) ___________________ copy of the parent cell.
5. What is divided in cytokinesis?
6. What is the role of checkpoints in the cell cycle?
7. What are cancer cells?
8. What are the three components of DNA?
9. Which nitrogen base does Adenine bond with?
10. Which nitrogen base does Cytosine pair with?
11. What is the difference between haploid and diploid?
12. What is the diploid number of chromosomes for humans? _______ The haploid
number? ______
13. Meiosis produces ____ cells each with ______ number of chromosomes as the
original.
Name ______________________________
Period __________
14. What is the scientific name for eggs?
Where are they produced?
15. Where are sperm cells produced?
16. Be able to label the plant structures on the image below:
17. List the functions of the plants structures in the image above.
Protein Synthesis Chapter 10
18. Draw a flow map of protein synthesis.
19. What is transcription?
20. Where does transcription happen?
21. What is translation?
22. Where does translation happen?
23. What is a codon?
24. What is mutation?
25. What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
Genetics: Chapter 8
26. Define the following terms:
a. Homozygous
b. Heterozygous
c. Dominant
Name ______________________________
Period __________
d. Recessive
e. Autosomal
f.
Sex-linked
g. Genotype
h. Phenotype
27. Be able to analyze a pedigree
28. Does a parent have to show a trait in order for their offspring to show it?
29. If a trait appears in every generation, it is usually __________________________.
30. If a trait skips generations, it is usually _________________________.
31. If a trait is more common in males than females, it is usually
________________________.
32. Fill in the Punnett squares below.
P
P
p
p
p
p
p
P
Analysis
33. Calculate the genotypic and phenotypic ratios for a cross between two
heterozygotes.
a. Genotype ratio
i. # of PP
______
ii. # of Pp
______
iii. # of pp
______
iv. Genotype ratio = ______ : ______ : ______
b. Phenotype ratio
i. # of purple flowers ______
ii. # of white flowers
______
iii. Phenotype ratio = ______ : ______
34. What kind of trait is colorblindness and hemophilia?
Name ______________________________
Period __________
Biotechnology: Chapter 11
35. What is a karyotype and what can it tell you about an individual?
36. Describe the karyotype of an individual with Down syndrome.
37. What would the sex chromosomes be in a female?
A male?
38. In your own words describe the process of electrophoresis. Pg 231
39. Which DNA fragments move fastest?
Which move slowest?
40. What is electrophoresis used for?
41. What is genetic engineering?
42. What is cloning?
Cell Specialization
43. Beginning with a cell, describe how the body is organized.
44. Describe distinguishing characteristics of the following cell types that relate to
their function:
a. Neuron (nerve cell) –
b. Sperm –
c. Red blood cell –
d. Leaf cell45. How does the structure of a cell relate to the function of the cell?
46. List the major features of a bacteria cell.
47. List the major features of a plant cell.
48. List the major features of an animal cell.
49. What is cell differentiation?
Name ______________________________
Period __________
Systems and Balance
Label the following structures.
7
8
6
5
3
1
4
2
1
2
3
4
5
6
9
11
7
8
10
Name ______________________________
Period __________
50. What are the major structures & functions of the cardiovascular system?
51. What are the major structures & functions of the respiratory system?
52. What are the major structures & functions digestive system?
53. What are the major structures & functions excretory system?
54. What are the major structures & functions reproductive system?
55. What is the main function of the nervous system?
56. Which structures make up the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral
Nervous System?
57. What is the main function of the endocrine system?
58. What is a hormone?
59. Describe how insulin and glucagon control blood glucose levels in the body.
60. What is the main function of body defenses and the immune system?
61. What is a pathogen?
62. Give three examples of the body’s nonspecific first line of defense.
63. Give three examples of the body’s nonspecific second line of defense.
64. Name the blood cells of the body’s third line of defense.
65. What is the purpose of the inflammatory response?
66. What is the purpose of a fever?
67. Describe how a vaccine or exposure to an antigen through illness can lead to
immunity.
68. How do antibiotics selectively target bacterial cells without killing human cells?
Viruses Chapter 20
69. Name the two main components of a virus?
70. Describe the lytic cycle of viral reproduction.
Name ______________________________
Period __________
71. Describe the lysogenic cycle of viral reproduction.
72. Label the diagram below illustrating the infection of a bacterium by a T4
bacteriophage.
73. Which cell type in the body is specifically targeted by HIV?
74. Why are antibiotics ineffective against viral infections, such as chicken pox,
measles, herpes, and influenza?