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Transcript
Atoms and Elements I don’t know. What’s the matter with you? Matter- Substances that make up the universe. All matter has mass and volume. Everything around you is either matter or energy Building Blocks of Matter Atom- A basic unit of matter consisting of a dense central nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons. • Element- A pure chemical substance composed of one type of atom. • Periodic Table of the Elements- An arrangement of elements in columns based on a set of properties that repeat from row to row. • Subatomic Particles Atom- Smallest particle of an element. Subatomic Particles: Nucleus- Small dense positively charged center of an atom. Proton- Subatomic particle that has a positive charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom. Neutron- Subatomic particle with no electric charge that is found in the nucleus of an atom. Electron- negatively charged subatomic particle found in an area outside the nucleus of an atom. Atoms have their electrons arranged in layers called shells 1st level- 2 electrons max. 2nd Level- 8 electrons max. 3rd level- 18 electrons max. 4th level- 32 electrons max. Using the Periodic Table to understand makeup of atoms Atomic Number- Number of protons in the nucleus. Atomic Mass- Average of the masses of the existing isotopes of an element. Mass number- the sum of the protons and neutrons in its nucleus.