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Organ
st
Superior
1 Part of
Duodenum
(Superior)
4-3-1-1
2nd Part of
Duodenum
(Descending)
4-3-3
1) Neck of the Gall Bladder
3rd Part of
Duodenum
(Horizontal)
4-3-3
1) Head of the Pancreas
2) Superior Mesenteric
Artery
3) Superior Mesenteric
Vein
4th Part of
Duodenum
(Ascending)
2-2-1-1
Right Kidney
5-5
Left Kidney
6-6
Right Suprarenal
Gland
2-1
Left Suprarenal
1) Body of the Pancreas
Inferior
1) Neck of the
Pancreas
Anterior
Posterior
1) Gall Bladder
2) Peritoneum
3) Quadrate Lobe of the
Liver
1) Transverse Colon
2) Transverse Mesocolon
3) Some coils of the Small
Intestine
1)
2)
3)
4)
1)
1) Superior Mesenteric
Artery
2) Superior Mesenteric
Vein
3) Coils of the Small
Intestine
1) Beginning of the
root of the
Mesentery
2) Coils of Jejunum
1) Suprarenal Gland
2) Liver
3) Hepatic Flexure of
the Colon
4) 2nd part of the
Duodenum
5) Small Intestine
1) Suprarenal Gland
2) Stomach
3) Spleen
4) Pancreas
5) Splenic Flexure of
the Colon
6) Jejunum
1) Inferior Vena Cava
2) Right Lobe of the
Liver
1) Body of the
1)
2)
3)
2)
3)
4)
4)
Portal Vein
Common Bile Duct
Gastroduodenal Artery
Inferior Vena Cava
Hilus of the Right
Kidney
Renal Vessels
Right Ureter
Right Psoas Major
Muscle
Abdominal Aorta
Inferior Vena Cava
Right Psoas Major
Muscle
Right Ureter
1) Left Psoas Major
Muscle
2) Left Margin of the
Aorta
1) 12th Rib
2) Diaphragm
3) Aponeurosis of
Transversus Abdominis
4) Quadratus Lumborum
5) Right Psoas Major
Medial
1) Head of the
Pancreas
2) Pancreatic Duct
3) Common Bile
Duct
1) Head of the
Pancreas
11th rib
12th rib
Diaphragm
Aponeurosis of
Transversus Abdominis
5) Quadratus Lumborum
6) Left Psoas Major
1) Right Kidney
1)
2)
3)
4)
1) Abdominal
Lateral
Gland
1-3
Pancreas
Right Upper Lobe
of Lung
Right Middle
Lobe of Lung
Uncinate Process
of Pancreas
Head of Pancreas
(including the
Uncinate Process)
2-3
Neck of Pancreas
2-3
Body of the
Pancreas
4-4
1) First 4 ribs and their costal
cartilages
1) 4th and 5th ribs and their
costal cartilages
1) Superior Mesenteric
Vessels
1) Superior Mesenteric
Artery
2) Superior Mesenteric
Vein
1) Peritoneum
2) Pylorus of the Stomach
1) Splenic Artery
1) Peritoneum
2) Bed of the Stomach
3) Provides
attachment for the
Transverse
Mesocolon
4) Omental Bursa
Spleen
Lesser
Sac/Omental
Bursa
1) Posterior Part of the
Coronary Ligament
2) Diaphragm
1)
2)
3)
Epiploic Foramen
1) Caudate Lobe of the Liver
Transverse
Colon
Transverse
Mesocolon
The Greater
Omentum
1) First part of the
duodenum
1) Posterior Wall of
the Stomach
2) Lesser Omentum
1) Hepatoduodenal Ligament
(portal vein, common bile
duct and proper hepatic
Aorta
2) Splenic
Artery
3) Stomach
1) Inferior Vena Cava
2) Bile Duct
3) Right Renal Vessels
1) Superior Mesenteric
Artery
2) Superior Mesenteric Vein
3) Formation of Portal Vein
1) Aorta
2) Superior
Mesenteric Artery
3) Left Suprarenal
Gland
4) Left Kidney
1) Superior Pole of the
Left Kidney
2) Left colic flexure
(Splenic flexure)??
1) It contacts the
diaphragm at the 9th to
11th ribs
3) Posterior Abdominal
Wall
4) Retroperitoneal
structures: pancreas,
left suprarenal gland
and left kidney
Left Boundary:
1) Gastrophrenic
Ligament
2) Splenorenal
Ligament
3) Gastrosplenic
ligament
1) The Inferior Vena Cava
2) Right Crus of the Diaphragm
artery)
Stomach
1) Liver (mostly the left
lobe) is superior to the
body and pylorus
1) Transverse Colon
and Left Colic Flexure
inferior/posterior to
the body of the
stomach
Bare Area of the
Liver
Left Lobe of the
Liver
1) Body and pylorus
of the stomach
1) Anterior Abdominal Wall
Bed of Stomach (formed by
Posterior Wall of the Lesser
Sac):
1) Retroperitoneal
Structures: Pancreas, Left
Kidney, Left Suprarenal
Gland, Part of the
Diaphragm, Celiac Artery
and Proximal Branches,
Splenic Artery and
Splenic Vein, Terminal
Part of the Superior
Mesenteric Artery and
Vein (9)
2) Peritoneal Structures:
Transverse Colon and
Spleen (2)
1) Hepatic Veins
2) Inferior Vena Cava
3) Right Suprarenal Gland
4) Part of Right Kidney
To the left of the body
is the spleen
Diaphragm Passages:
1) Caval Opening: @ TV8 2-3 cm from the median plane
a. Inferior Vena Cava
2) Esophageal Hiatus: Formed by the Right Crus of the Diaphragm @ TV10
a. Esophagus
b. Anterior and Posterior Vagal Trunks
3) Aortic Hiatus: @TV12
a. Aorta
b. Azygos Vein
c. Thoracic Duct
Some Important Pathways
Ureters:
1) Transitions from the renal pelvis and descends as a retroperitoneal structure along the anterior surface of the psoas major
muscle. It passes posterior to the testicular/ovarian vessels. The left ureter is also crossed by the inferior mesenteric artery and vein.
Then, it courses anterior to the bifurcation of the common iliac artery. It makes a sharp bend over the pelvic brim and courses to the
bladder in the floor of the pelvis.
Inferior Thyroid Vein:
1) Anterior to the trachea. Courses downward anterior to the brachiocephalic artery.
***The Transverse mesocolon attaches to the anterior margin of the pancreas. The pancreas lies posterior to the omental bursa
(lesser sac).
Important Innervations
1) Kidney: Postganglionic SS Fibers from the Lesser and Least Splanchnic nerves (T10-12) (from aorticorenal ganglion)
2) Ureter: Postganglionic SS from the Lesser and Least and Lumbar and Sacral Splanchnic nerves, VA travel back with the Lesser
and Least and Lumbar Splanchnic nerves (T10-L2)
3) Suprarenal Glands- Cortex: Postganglionic SS from Celiac Ganglion, driven by preganglionic fibers from the Greater
Splanchnic nerve. (NO SENSORY AFFERENTS or VA)
4) Suprarenal Glands-Medulla: Receive Preganglionic SS Fibers from the Greater Splanchnic Nerve (T5-T9) (NO SENSORY
AFFERENTS OR VA)
Right Upper
Quadrant
rt. lobe of liver, gallbladder, pylorus, the first three parts of the duodenum, head of the pancreas, rt. suprarenal (adrenal)
gland, rt. kidney, rt. colic (hepatic) flexure, sup. part of ascending colon, rt. half of transverse colon
Left Upper
Quadrant
lt. lobe of liver, spleen, most of stomach, jejunum and proximal ileum, body and tail of pancreas, lt. suprarenal (adrenal)
gland, lt. kidney, lt. colic (splenic) flexure, sup. part of descending colon, lt. half of transverse colon
Right Lower
Quadrant
cecum, appendix, most of ileum, inf. part of ascending colon, rt. ovary, rt. uterine tube, rt. ureter, rt. spermatic cord
Left Lower
Quadrant
sigmoid colon, inf. part of descending colon, lt. ovary, lt. uterine tube, lt. ureter, lt. spermatic cord
Organ
Parietal Pleura
Anterior Abdominal Wall
Innervation
Ventral Primary Rami/Intercostal nerves
and phrenic nn.
Thoracoabdominal nn. (T7-T11), subcostal
n. (T12), iliohypogastric n. (L1) and
Referred Pain
Via Thoracic and Abdominal Nerves
(cutaneous distribution of intercostal nn.)
T7- xiphoid process, T10- umbilicus, pubis
(L1- via iliohypogastric n.)
ilioinguinal n. (L1)
Parietal Peritoneum
Sensory: Intercostal, Lumbar and Sacral
-Sensitive to touch, pain and temperature nn.
Sensory of Thoracic Diaphragm:
1) Intercostal nn. to costal margin
(peripheral part) of the diaphragm (T5T11) and subcostal n.
2) Phrenic n. (C3-5) to central diaphragm
Stomach
PS: Vagus n. (primarily the Anterior Vagal
Trunk)
SS: Greater Splanchnic n. (T5-9) and
postganglionics from the celiac ganglion
VA: pain via greater splanchnic n.
Gall Bladder
PS: Vagus n.
SS: Greater Splanchnic n. (T5-9) and
postganglionics from the celiac ganglion
VA: pain via greater splanchnic n.
Duodenum
Spleen
Small Intestine (Jejunum and Ileum)
PS: Vagus n.
SS: plexus on pancreaticoduodenal
arteries
PS: Vagus n. (celiac and superior
mesenteric plexuses)
SS: Splanchnic nn. (celiac and superior
mesenteric plexuses)
VA: pain via splanchnic nn.
Celiac Plexus
Celiac and Superior Mesenteric Plexuses
Cecum and Appendix
Ascending Colon
Transverse Colon
Celiac and Superior Mesenteric Ganglia
Celiac and Superior Mesenteric Ganglia
Superior Mesenteric Plexus
Pancreas
T5-9 (Left Epigastrium Quadrant) via Left
Greater Splanchnic n.
T5-9 (Right Epigastrium Quadrant) via
Right Greater Splanchnic n.
**If bile spreads to the inferior surface of
the diaphragm, pain follows Right Phrenic
n. (Right Shoulder C3-5)
Insensitive to most painful stimuli,
including cutting and burning. But it is
sensitive to distention.
Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon
Diaphragm
Kidney
Ureter
Suprarenal Gland- Cortex
Suprarenal Gland- Medulla
Appendix
Lumbar part of the Sympathetic Trunk and
the Superior Hypogastric Plexus
Superior Hypogastric Plexus and Pelvic
Splanchnic nn.
Motor: Phrenic n. (C3-5)
Sensory: Phrenic n. and peripheral areas
via 6th and 7th intercostal nn. and the
subcostal n.
SS: Preganglionics from Lesser and Least
Splanchnic nn. (T10-12) to aorticorenal
ganglion (functioning to Increase renin
secretion, which increases blood pressure)
PS: Vagus n.
VA: Least Splanchnic n. (T12)
PS: Vagus and Pelvic Splanchnics (S2-4)
SS: Lesser and Least Splanchnics and
Lumber and Sacral Splanchnics (Increase
ureteric peristalsis)
VA: Lesser and Least Splanchnics and
Lumbar Splanchnics (T10-L2)
SS: Preganglionic fibers from Greater
Splanchnic n. (T5-9) to the celiac ganglion,
postganglionics go to blood vessels
NO VA! (NO SENSORY AFFERENTS) no PS
SS: Direct input from preganglionic
sympathetic fibers from the Greater
Splanchnic n. (T5-9)
NO VA (NO SENSORY AFFERENTS) no PS
Shoulder region (C4-C5 ventral rami)
Costal margin (via intercostal nn.)
Lower Quadrant (Subcostal) via Least
Splanchnic n. (T12) (costal angle of the
back)
T10-L2 as the stone passes through the
ureter (along the posterior costal margin)
Distal portion of the ureter (L1-L2)
(suprapubic region, the genitals, medial
thigh and leg)
Chromaffin cells = postganglionic
sympathetic neurons
T10- umbilicus (via lesser splanchnic n.) as
pain spreads it will go to L1-L2, the right
lower quadrant (via the right lumbar
splanchnic nn.)
Organ
Primary
blood supply
Esophagu Sup./ascendi
s
ng
esophageal,
inf. thyroid
Innervatio Function
n
Esophage Transmits food
al plexus
(vagus +
SCG)
Sup.
contents
Oropharynx
Inf.
Ant. contents
contents
Stomach Larynx, L main
bronchus, LA,
diaphragm
Stomach
Upper
Mechanical &
Diaphragm,
abdominal chemical digestion liver, and
plexus
pancreas
Transver Diaphragm and
se colon body wall
Upper
Buffering of
abdominal chyme, digestion,
plexus
absorbtion of
nutrients
Upper
Digestion/absorbti
abdominal on of nutrients
plexus
Neck of Peritoneum, gall
pancreas bladder,
quadrate lobe of
liver
Inf.
Transverse
duodenu colon/mesocolon,
m
small intestine
Duodenu
msuperior
L/R gastric,
L/R
gastroomenta
l
Sup.
pancreaticoduodenal
Duodenu Sup./inf.
mpancreaticodescendin duodenal
g
Duodenu
minferior
Sup./inf.
pancreaticoduodenal
Duodenu Gastrooment
mal
ascending
Jejunum Sup.
Neck of
gallbladder
Sup.
duodenum
Upper
Digestion/absorbti Pancreas
Inf.
abdominal on of nutrients
head/uncinat mesenter
plexus
e, sup.
ic a./v.
mesenteric
a./v.
Upper
Digestion/absorbti Pancreas
Jejunum
abdominal on of nutrients
body
plexus
Upper
Absorbtion of
Transverse Sigmoid
Sup. mesenteric
a./v., small
intestine
Post.
L contents
contents
Thoracic duct, L lung
hemiazygous
v. post.
intercostals,
aorta
Spleen, L
Spleen
kidney, lesser
sac
Bile duct,
portal v., IVC,
gastroduoden
al a.
R kidney hilus,
renal vessels,
ureter, R
psoas major
m.
R psoas major
m., IVC, aorta,
R ureter
Stomach
R contents
R lung
Pancreas,
duodenum,
liver, IVC,
aorta
R kidney,
liver, R colic
flexure
Pancreas
R kidney,
head,
liver, R colic
pancreatic/bi flexure
le ducts
Ascending
duodenum
Mesentery roots, L psoas major Peritoneal
jejunum
m., L. margin recesses
of aorta
Greater
Mesentery/bo Descending
Descending
duodenum
Pancreatic
head
Ascending
mesenteric
Ileum
Organ
Colon cecum
abdominal
plexus
IMA, iliocolic Upper
abdominal
plexus
Primary
Innervatio
blood supply n
Ileocolic,
Upper
appendicular, abdominal
ant./post.
plexus
cecal
nutrients
Absorbtion of
nutrients
Function
Water/electrolyte
absorbtion
colon,
duodenum
Transverse
colon,
duodenum
Sup.
contents
Ascending
colon
colon
omentum
Sigmoid
colon
Greater
omentum
Inf.
Ant. contents
contents
Appendix Body wall
, iliacus
m., iliac
vessels,
inguinal
canal
Cecum
Body wall
dy wall,
kidneys
Mesentery/bo
dy wall,
kidneys
Post.
contents
Iliac vessels
colon
Ileum
R paracolic
gutter
Lumbar
plexus
branches,
transversus
abdominis
aponeurosis
Duodenum,
sup.
mesenteric
a./v.
Lumbar
plexus
branches,
transversus
abdominis
aponeurosis
Ileum/jejunu
m
R paracolic
gutter
L colic
flexure
R colic
flexure
L paracolic
gutter
Ileum/jejunu
m
Descending
colon
L contents
colon,
duodenum
Ascending
colon,
duodenum
R contents
Colon R colic
ascending
Upper
Water/electrolyte
abdominal absorbtion
plexus
R colic
flexure
Colon transvers
e
Middle colic
Upper
Water/electrolyte
abdominal absorbtion
plexus
Stomach,
liver
Small
intestine
Greater
omentum
Colon L colic
descendin (ascending
g
and
descending,
IMA)
Water/electrolyte
absorbtion
L colic
flexure,
spleen,
stomach
Sigmoid
colon
Body wall
Colon sigmoid
Water/electrolyte
absorbtion
Descending
colon, small
intestine
Rectum, Body wall
L
inguinal
canal
Iliacus m.,
external iliac
a./v.
L paracolic
gutter
Ileum/jejunu
m
Water/electrolyte
absorbtion
Sigmoid
colon, small
intestine
Sup.
contents
Great
Anal
canal
Middle sacral
a.
L rectal aa.
R rectal aa.
Post.
contents
Aorta,
L contents
R contents
L lung
R lung
Rectum
Organ
Heart
Upper/low
er
abdominal
plexus,
lumbar
sympatheti
c trunk
Sigmoid
Lower
abdominal
plexus,
pelvic
splanchnic
nn.
Sup./mid./inf. Lower
rectal
abdominal
plexus
Primary
Innervatio
blood supply n
Coronoary
Cardiac
Function
Pump blood
Bladder, pubic
symphysis
Inf.
Ant. contents
contents
Diaphrag Thymus, ribs,
plexus
(SCG,
vagus)
vessels
m,
sternum
fibrous
pericardi
al
attachme
nt
Celiac trunk, Inf./asc. Pylorus (head),
splenic a.
duodenu stomach
m, sup.
mesenter
ic a./v.
Pancreas
Splenic,
pancreaticoduodenal
Vagus,
Digestive
splanchnic exocrine, some
(pain),
endocrine
upper
abdominal
plexus
Spleen
Splenic
Celiac
plexus
Liver
Proper
hepatic,
portal v.
Upper
Blood filtration,
abdominal bile secretion
plexus
Diaphragm
Gall
bladder
Cystic
Celiac
Bile storage &
ganglia,
concentration
vagus,
greater
splanchnic
s
Liver
Lymphatic, RBC
storage
Diaphragm
L colic
flexure, L
kidney
Gallblad
der,
stomach,
R colic
flexure,
duodenu
m
Duodenu
m
Stomach
esophagus,
R/L main
bronchus
IVC, renal
Spleen
a./v., bile duct
(head), portal
v. (neck),
aorta, SMA, L
adrenal g., L
kidney (body)
L kidney
Diaphragm
(sup.)
Sup./desc.
duodenum
Stomach,
pancreas
Diaphragm, body IVC, stomach, Stomach
wall
esophagus
Diaphragm
Liver
Liver
Duodenum,
Duodenum
hepatoduoden
al lig.