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SELECTED ANATOMICAL POINTS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 EMBRYOLOGY 3 THE TRANSVERSE COLON AND GREATER OMENTUM 4 THE SPLENIC FLEXURE OF THE COLON 5 DESCENDING COLON 6 THE SIGMOID COLON 7 THE RECTUM 8 THE MESORECTUM 9 ANAL CANAL 10 THE PELVIC CAVITY 11 THE PELVIC BRIM 12 THE BACK WALL OF THE PELVIS 13 THE LATERAL WALLS OF THE PELVIS 14 NERVES 15 BLOOD VESSELS 16 LYMPH NODES 17 PELVIC PERITONEUM 18 BLADDER, PROSTATE, URETHRA, URETERS, SEMINAL VESICLES AND VASA, 19 UTERUS AND OVARIES 20 LATERAL LIGAMENTS OF THE RECTUM INTRODUCTION This section aims to clarify some common anatomical problem areas that the trainee may encounter. Our knowledge of the anatomy is still emerging, so that early accounts may differ from more recent ones. Some of the details are obscured by the use of different names for the same structure, or even the same names for different structures. In this account, where several names are common, they will be listed once and the most popular one used in the rest of the text. The description will assume that the patient is lying supine on the operating table, rather than standing upright in the classical anatomical position. Reference to some simplified embryology helps understand the anatomy.