Download Conflict in the Mediterranean Guided Notes Blank

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Conflict in the
Mediterranean – Guided
Notes
King Darius ruled the
Persian Empire to the east of
Greece in 499 B.C., when the
Ionian Greek colonies in
(modern) western Turkey
rebelled. Athens sent ships
and supplies to help their
fellow Greeks. They burned
Sardis, the provincial capital. Darius wanted revenge, so he sent his army
(via water) to land at Marathon, south of Athens.
In 490 BC, a massive Persian army landed at _____________, ____ miles
north of ________________.
The outnumbered Athenians sent a __________ to Sparta for aid, but the
Spartans ______________ the request.
Despite overwhelming odds, the Athenians rallied their forces, drove the
_________________ back into the _______, and were
_________________.
Ten years later, the new Persian emperor, ______________, invaded
Greece with several hundred _______________troops. The Persian troops
were known as the
“___________” because
when one died, he was
immediately
________________ with
another.
 A Greek force of
____________, led by
Spartan King ___________
and his __________
Spartans, held the Persians
at the pass of _________
for ________ days, before they were all killed.
With the Spartans’ defeat, the Athenians _________________their city to
the Persians and fled to the nearby island of____________.
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The Athenian navy then _______________the Persians in a narrow water
_______________forcing them to withdraw.
By defeating the Persians, Athens became the ______________ of the
Greek world and created an________________.
Under _________, Athens expanded its empire. This period, called the
“Age of ______,” was the height of Athenian ______.
Age of Pericles
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461-429 BC
Created a _____________democracy
Every ___ citizen could participate in the governing assembly and _____ on
all major issues, including war and foreign policy
Assembly met on hillside of the ______________.
The Athenians developed “__________________” to protect themselves
from overly ambitious _______________.
If ________ members of the assembly agreed, any citizen could be
_________ from Athens for _______ years.
The Great Peloponnesian War
__________ became the most powerful city-state and formed a military
_____________ with many smaller city-states, called the __________
League.
The Spartans saw this as a ___________, and thus formed a defensive
alliance, called the ________________ League.
Inevitably the two "___________" fought it out in the Great
___________________War of 431-404BC.
Tensions between the two powers in Greece, ____________and Sparta,
led to the Great Peloponnesian War in 431 BC.
Athens planned to win by staying behind its ___________ and receiving
_______________ from its colonies and powerful navy. The Spartans
_____________ Athens.
In 430 BC, a __________ broke out in Athens killing __________ of the
population. Pericles _______ the following year
Athens fought for another ____ years before its final defeat in 405 BC
The Peloponnesian War ____________ the Greek city-states and ruined
_________________ among them. For the next _______ years Sparta,
Athens, and Thebes _____________ for domination.