Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Precambrian body plans wikipedia , lookup
Evidence of common descent wikipedia , lookup
Paleontology wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Hologenome theory of evolution wikipedia , lookup
Genetics and the Origin of Species wikipedia , lookup
Name:________________________________________________________________________________________________Period:_____________Date:________________________ How has life changed (evolved)? What came first? Prior Knowledge: Explanation ________________________ - life from non-living Ex: ______________________________________________ Circle one of the pairs of terms below Prokaryotic or eukaryotic ________________________ - life from living Autotrophic (make own food – plants) or What was the purpose of Miller and Urey’s experiment? Heterotrophic (must obtain food – animals) Aerobic (used oxygen) or Anaerobic (did not use oxygen) What chemical process occurred that allowed there to be aerobic organisms? Hint: What reaction produces oxygen?? Early Earth – Place the following items in correct order by numbering 1-9 Explain the endosymbiotic theory. How did cells change? _______Earth is formed with toxic gases, water vapor, and no oxygen _______Eukaryotic cells (more complex cells with a nucleus) form through endosymbiosis _______Earth’s surface cools and water vapor forms oceans as it rains _______Simple organic molecules such as amino acids and carbohydrates form from the thunderstorms _______Protocells (non-living groups of molecules) form and contain RNA _______Photosynthetic prokaryotes form adding oxygen to the atmosphere _______Ozone (O3) layer forms from atmospheric oxygen to protect Earth _______Multicellular eukaryotes form _______Prokaryotic cells form. Prokaryotes are simple cells that include bacteria. Lamarck – Use Disuse Hypothesis or Passing on of Acquired Characteristics Darwin – Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Summarize how Lamark believes the giraffe got its long neck. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Summarize how Darwin believes the giraffe got its long neck. _______________________________________________________________ What is wrong with the inheritance of acquired traits hypothesis? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ - Organisms with useful traits survive, reproduce, and pass those traits to their offspring. ___________________________ - measure of an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce more offspring that can in turn survive and to reproduce. 2 Models for evolution: _________________________ - gradual change over time leads to species formation ___________________ ___________________ – evolution occurs in spurts in which there are periods of rapid change in a species followed by periods of little or no change ( usually do to major environmental changes ____________________________________________ - we are changed forms of our ancestors. *** ______________ mutate _________________ are selected _________________ evolve*** Microevolution small genetic changes in the gene pool of a population Example of Microevolution (Directional Selection) Before the Industrial Revolution the trunks of certain trees were a light color. The lighter peppered moths had an advantage over the darker moths. The lighter moths were more likely to ______________ ____________ – all the alleles in a population (look at the # of B’s vs. the # of b’s) 3 types of natural selection that causes changes in gene pool: o ____________________ ___________________ – “it pays to be different” – individuals with traits at one end are more common than midrange forms Ex: peppered moths ________________________________________ so there were more of them in the population. Now, with the Industrial Revolution came ___________________. The trees turned dark. Now the darker moths had the advantage. Adaptations are dependent upon the ______________________. Macroevolution - How new species are formed ______________________________ – changes in a species so a new species is formed o ___________________ __________________ – “it pays to be average” – eliminates individuals on both ends of the range and favors midrange individuals Ex: birth weights __________________________________ can lead to the formation of a new species Sometimes organisms of the same species become physically separated. The evolution of separate species is largely due to genetic drift (chance). After a long period of time even if the two groups were to meet back up the organisms o ________________________ or _______________ ________________________ – both ends of the range are favored and those in the middle are reduced. Ex: finch beaks may refuse to mate. At this point they would be considered separate species. When one species becomes 2 separate species this is called ______________________ ___________________. __________________________ - changes due to chance. Affects small populations more. Types of Evolution ____________________________ – changes in genetic Evidence for Evolution – 1. composition of one species in response to change in another ____________________ - show patterns of development ______________________________________ – fossils found deeper down in the strata (rock layers) are older than those found closer to the top. Ex: flowers & pollinators 2. Anatomical structures a. ____________________ structures - structures that are present in an organism but reduced in size or have less important function (Ex: wings in flightless birds, hind limbs in whales) b. ____________________ structures - structures that share a common ancestry (similar structure but different functions) Ex: human arm, bat wing, whales flipper _____________________________________ - the changing of organisms to fit new environments. _______________________ - accumulation of differences 3. between groups which can lead to the formation of new species Molecular Evidence (DNA, RNA & Proteins) If species change over time then genes have also changed (DNA fingerprinting) ________________________ _______________ – a species from which 2 or more species have diverged Scientists look at _________________ and ___________________. The more similar the DNA or protein sequence, between 2 different organisms, the more recently they shared a common ancestor. ______________________ & ______________________ ___________ – show how organisms are related through evolution __________________________ - organisms that are not closely related evolve similar traits due to living in similar environments. These are ________________________ structures. 4. ______________________________ development shows common ancestry – similarities in early development show similar genes are at work