Download THE EXAM WILL INCLUDE TH FOLLOWING QUESTIONS PART A

Egyptian American International School
The Science Department 2015-2016
MID YEAR EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Gr. 8 earth Science
The Exam Duration 2 Hours
THE EXAM WILL INCLUDE TH FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
PART A: 50 Multiple Choice questions
PART B: 20 COMPLETE
PART C: 15 MATCHING
PART D: 5 SHORT ESSAY
PART E: 2 LONG ESSAY
PART F: BONUS
THE EXAM WILL INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING MATERIAL
Ch. 1: The World of Earth Science
Section. 1 Branches of Earth Science
VOCABULARY WORDS
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geology
meteorology
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oceanography
astronomy
Make sure you understand these points:
- Describe the four major branches of Earth science.
- Identify four examples of Earth science that are linked to other areas of science.
Section 2: Scientific Methods in Earth Science
VOCABULARY WORDS
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scientific methods
hypothesis
Make sure you understand these points:
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Explain how scientists begin to learn about the natural world.
Explain what scientific methods are and how scientists use them.
Identify the importance of communicating the results of a scientific investigation.
Describe how scientific investigations often lead to new investigations.
Section 3: Scientific Models
VOCABULARY WORDS
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model
theory
Make sure you understand these points:
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Explain how models are used in science.
Describe the three types of models.
Identify which types of models are best for certain topics.
Describe the climate model as an example of a mathematical model.
Chap. 3: Minerals of the Earth’s Crust:
Section 1 What Is a Mineral?
VOCABULARY WORDS
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mineral
element
compound
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crystal
silicate mineral
non-silicate mineral
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fracture
hardness
density
Make sure you understand these points:
- Describe the structure of minerals.
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Describe the two major groups of minerals.
Section. 2 Identifying Minerals
VOCABULARY WORDS
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luster
streak
cleavage
GR 8 MID YEAR EXAM STUDY GUIDE - Page 1 of 4
Make sure you understand these points:
- Identify seven ways to determine the identity of minerals.
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Explain special properties of minerals.
Section 3: The Formation, Mining, and Use of Minerals
VOCABULARY WORDS
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Surface Mining
Subsurface Mining
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Ore
Reclamation
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Composition
Texture
Make sure you understand these points:
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Describe the environments in which minerals forms.
Compare the two types of mining.
Describe two ways to reduce the effects of mining.
Describe different uses for metallic and nonmetallic minerals.
Chap. 4: Rocks: Mineral Mixtures
Section 1: The Rock Cycle
VOCABULARY WORDS
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Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition
Uplift
Make sure you understand these points:
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Describe two ways rocks have been used by humans.
Describe four processes that shape Earth’s features.
Describe how each type of rock changes into another type as it moves through the rock cycle.
List two characteristics of rock that are used to help classify it.
Section. 2: Igneous Rock
VOCABULARY WORDS
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Felsic
Mafic
Intrusive igneous rock
Extrusive igneous rock
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Batholiths
Stock
Dike
Volcanic neck
Make sure you understand these points:
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Describe three ways that igneous rock forms.
Explain how the cooling rate of magma affects the texture of igneous rock.
Distinguish between igneous rock that cools within the Earth’s crust and igneous rock that cools at the Earth’s
surface.
Section 3: Sedimentary Rock Strata
VOCABULARY WORDS
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Stratification
Clastic sedimentary rock
Chemical sedimentary rock
Organic sedimentary rock
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Ripple marks
Mud cracks
Raindrop impressions
Make sure you understand these points:
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Describe the origin of sedimentary rock.
Describe the three main categories of sedimentary rock.
Describe three types of sedimentary structure.
Section 4: Metamorphic Rock
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non-foliated
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foliated
Make sure you understand these points:
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Describe two ways a rock can undergo metamorphism.
Explain how the mineral composition of rocks changes as the rocks undergo metamorphism.
Describe the difference between foliated and non-foliated metamorphic rock.
Explain how metamorphic rock structures are related to deformation.
GR 8 MID YEAR EXAM STUDY GUIDE - Page 2 of 4
Chap. 5: Energy resources
Section. 1: Natural Resources
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Natural resource
Renewable resource
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Non-renewable
resource
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Recycling
Natural gas
Coal
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Acid precipitation
Smog
Solar Energy
Wind Power
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Hydroelectric Energy
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tectonic plate
Make sure you understand these points:
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Describe how humans use natural resources.
Compare renewable resources with nonrenewable resources.
Explain three ways that humans can conserve natural resources
- Section. 2 : Fossil Fuels
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Fossil fuels
Petroleum
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Make sure you understand these points:
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Describe what energy resources are.
Identify three different forms of fossil fuels.
Explain how fossil fuels form.
Describe how fossil fuels are found and obtained.
Identify four problems with fossil fuels.
Section 3 : Alternative Resources
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Nuclear Energy
Chemical Energy
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Make sure you understand these points:
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Compare uniformitarianism and catastrophism.
Describe how the science of geology has changed over the past 200 years.
Explain the role of paleontology in the study of Earth’s history
Chap 7: Plate tectonics
Section 1: Inside the Earth
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Crust
Mantle
Core
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Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Mesosphere
Make sure you understand these points:
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Identify the layers of the Earth by their composition.
Identify the layers of the Earth by their physical properties.
Describe a tectonic plate.
Explain how scientists know about the structure of Earth’s interior.
Section 2: Restless Continents
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Continental drift
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sea-floor spreading
Make sure you understand these points:
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Describe Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift.
Describe how new oceanic lithosphere forms at mid-ocean ridges.
Explain how sea-floor spreading provides a way for continents to move.
Explain how magnetic reversals provide evidence for sea-floor spreading.
GR 8 MID YEAR EXAM STUDY GUIDE - Page 3 of 4
Chapter 19: Stars, Galaxies, and the Universe
Section 1 : Stars
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Spectrum
Apparent magnitude
Absolute magnitude
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light-year
parallax
Make sure you understand these points:
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Describe how color indicates the temperature of a star.
Explain how a scientist can identify a of star’s composition.
Describe how scientists classify stars.
Compare absolute magnitude with apparent magnitude.
Identify how astronomers measure distances from Earth to stars.
Describe the difference between the apparent motion and the actual motion of stars.
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