Download Chapter 7: Roman Art Chapter Sheet Preview: The Roman Empire

Chapter 7: Roman Art
Chapter Sheet
Preview: The Roman Empire was the most expansive and powerful of the ancient world, and its cultural
productions, architectural forms, social and legal structures, and language has indelibly marked the Western
world as we know it today. The empire dates from 753, with the establishment of the city of Rome in Italy. The
early monarchy gave rise to the Roman Republic, established in 509 BCE. The early Roman Empire dates to 27
BCE and the rule of Augustus, followed by the High Empire of 96-192 CE. The Late Empire, 193-337 CE, came
to an end when Constantine, the first Christian emperor, moved the capital of the Empire from Rome to
Constantinople. At its height, the Roman Empire spanned three continents, and its former territory is marked
by monumental works of art, architecture, and engineering still visible today. Roman sculptors were avid
followers of the Ancient Greeks, though they developed a distinctive realist style. Early Roman architecture
blended forms from the Etruscans and the Greeks, but the Romans were above all architectural innovators,
using concrete on a monumental scale, exploiting the structural possibilities of the arch, vault, and dome, and
developing building types such as the basilica and amphitheater.
Chapter 7 List of Artworks (10 Cue Cards)
1. Chapter 7 Roman Context Card (dates, periods, Geography, key locations, key figures, religion, government, new
developments, stylistic developments )
2. Roman concrete construction (All construction types and vocabulary associated with roman construction-- pg. 184
 barrel vault
 groin vault
 fenestrated sequence of groin vaults
 hemispherical dome with oculus
Roman Republic:
3. Head of an old man, from Osimo, mid-first century BCE--pg. 186
 Head of a Roman Patrician, Republican Roman c. 75-50 BCE, Marble—Not in book
Pompeii and the Cities of Vesuvius:
4. House of the Vettii, Pompeii, Italy, second century BCE, rebuilt 62-79 CE-- Pg. 190-191
o Atrium of the House of the Vettii, Pompeii, Italy
o Roman House architecture, restored view and plan
Early Empire:
5. Portrait of Augustus as general, from Primaporta, Italy, early-first-century CE copy of a bronze original of ca. 20 BCE—
pg. 198
6. Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater), Rome, Italy, ca. 70-80 CE—pg. 203-204
High Empire:
7. Forum of Trajan, Rome, Italy, dedicated 112 CE—pg. 208-209
 Markets of Trajan, Rome, Italy, ca. 100-112 CE
8. Column of Trajan, Forum of Trajan, Rome, Italy, dedicated 112 CE--pg. 208-209
 Sculptural details, Column of Trajan:
9. Pantheon (exterior), Rome, Italy, 118-125 CE—Pg. 210-211
 Pantheon (interior), Rome, Italy, 118-125 CE
 Restored cutaway view and lateral section of the Pantheon, Rome, Italy, 118-125 CE
Late Empire:
10. Battle of Romans and barbarians (Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus), from Rome, Italy, ca. 250-260 CE—Pg. 223
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Chapter 7: Roman Art
Chapter Sheet
Key Social & Political Terms: senate, consul, dictator, patricians, plebeian, Augustus, princeps, imperator,
pontifex maximus, Pax Romana, castrum, tetrarchy
Key Figures: Severus, Celer, Apollodorus of Damascus, Zenodorus, Iaia of Cyzicus
Key Art Terms: imagines, verism, Cuirass, denarius, apotheosis, damnatio memoriae, decursio, kline, tondi
Key Painting Terms: skenographia, atmospheric perspective, monochromatic, still-life, cestrum, encaustic,
tempera, tondo, August Mau, “Pompeian Styles” (First Style [Masonry Style], Second Style, Third Style, Fourth
Style)
Key Architectural Terms: concrete, caementa, revetment, forum, cardo, decumanus, Capitolium, basilica,
nave, aisles, amphitheater, cavea, arena, exedra, aqueduct, attic, rusticated, incrustation, travertine,
triumphal arch, arcuated, Composite capitals, spandrel, taberna, insulae
Temples: Etruscan pattern, pseudo-peripteral, tholos
Houses: patronus, cliens domus, fauces, atrium, impluvium, cubicula, alae, tablinum, triclinium, peristyle
garden
Roman concrete construction: concrete, barrel (or tunnel) vault, groin (or cross) vault, pier, clerestory,
fenestration, dome, drum, oculus
Baths: tepidarium, caldarium, frigidarium, palaestra, natatio
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