Download Final Review - Houston ISD

Saikin, C
DeBakey High School
2013 Fall Semester Exam Review
Pre AP Biology
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Final Review - Define and explain each of the following objectives on a separate piece of notebook paper.
All answers MUST BE HANDWRITTEN. NOT TYPED RESPONSES WILL BE ACCEPTED.
There must be at least one picture drawn for each unit that explains a difficult to master objective.
Unit 1: The Nature of Science
Chapter 1: The Science of Biology:
Explain what science is, what a hypothesis is
Describe how scientist test hypotheses
Explain how a scientific theory develops
Describe some characteristics of living things and how life can be studied at different levels
Describe the measurement system most scientists use
Explain how light and electron microscopes are different and similar
Describe 2 common laboratory techniques
Explain why it is important to work safely in biology.
Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life
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Identify the 3 main subatomic particles
Explain how isotopes of an element are similar and different
Explain what chemical compounds are
Describe the 2 main types of chemical bonds
Explain why water molecules are polar
Differentiate between solutions and suspensions
Explain what acidic and basic solutions are.
Describe the functions of each group of organic compounds
Explain how chemical reactions affect bonds in compounds, and how energy changes affect chemical
reactions
Explain why enzymes are important to living things
Unit 2: Cells
Chapter 7: Cell structure and Function
Explain what the cell theory is
Distinguish between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
Describe the function of the major cell organelles
Identify the main functions of the cell membrane and the cell wall
Explain the processes of diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and active transport
Describe cell specialization
Identify the organization levels in multicellular organisms
Chapter 10: Cell Growth and Division
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Explain the problems that growth causes for cells, and how cell division solves these problems
Describe what happens during the main events of cell division
Describe how the cell cycle is regulated and name some regulators
Explain how cancer cells are different from other cells
Chapter 19: Bacteria and Viruses
Explain how the 2 groups of Prokaryote differ.
Describe the factors used to identify prokaryotes.
Explain why bacteria are vital to maintaining the living world.
Describe the structure of a virus.
Explain how viruses cause infection.
Explain how bacteria cause disease.
Describe how bacterial growth can be controlled.
Explain how viruses cause disease.
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Saikin, C
DeBakey High School
2013 Fall Semester Exam Review
Pre AP Biology
Unit 3: DNA
Chapter 12: DNA and RNA
Summarize the relationship between genes and DNA
Describe the structure of DNA
Summarize the events of DNA replication
Relate the DNA molecule to chromosome structure
Tell how RNA differs from DNA
Name the 3 main types of RNA
Describe transcription and editing of RNA
Identify the genetic code
Summarize translation
Explain the relationship between genes and proteins
Contrast gene mutations and chromosomal mutations
Describe a typical gene
Describe how lac genes are turned on and off
Explain how must eukaryotic genes are controlled
Relate gene regulation to development.
Unit 4: Genetics
Chapter 11: Introduction to Genetics
Summarize Mendel’s conclusions about inheritance
Explain the principle of dominance
Describe what happens during segregation
Describe how genetics use the principles of probability and Punnett squares
Explain the principle of independent assortment
Describe other inheritance patterns
Explain how Mendel’s principles apply to other organisms
Summarize the events of meiosis
Contrast meiosis and mitosis
Identify the structures that actually assort independently
Chapter 13: Genetic Engineering
Explain the purpose of selective breeding
Describe two techniques used in selective breeding
Explain why breeders try to induce mutations
Explain how scientists manipulate DNA
Describe the usefulness of transgenic organisms
Summarize the main steps in cloning
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Chapter 14: THE HUMAN GENOME:
I dentify the types of human chromosomes in a karyotype.
Explain how sex is determined.
Explain how pedigrees are used to study human traits.
Describe how natural selection is used in artificial selection.
Explain how small changes in DNA cause genetic disorders.
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Saikin, C
DeBakey High School
2013 Fall Semester Exam Review
Pre AP Biology
Unit 5: Evolution
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Chapter 15: DARWIN'S THEORY OF EVOLUTION
Describe the pattern Darwin observed among organisms of the
Galapagos Islands.
State how Hutton and Lyell described geological change
Describe Malthus’ theory of population growth
Describe how natural selection is used in artificial selection.
Explain how natural selection is related to species' fitness.
State Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.
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Chapter 16: EVOLUTION OF POPULATIONS
Explain what a gene pool is.
Identify the main sources of inheritable variation in a population.
State what determines how a phenotype is expressed.
Explain how natural selection affects single-gene and polygenic traits.
Describe genetic drift.
List the five conditions to maintain genetic equilibrium.
Identify the condition necessary for a new species to evolve.
Chapter 17: The History of Life
Describe the fossil record
Compare relative dating and radioactive dating
Describe the early Earth environment
Explain what Miller and Urey's experiments showed.
Identify some of the main evolutionary steps in the early evolution of life
Identify important patterns of macroevolution
Unit 6: Classification
 Chapter 18: CLASSIFICATION
Explain how living things are organized.
Describe binomial nomenclature.
Explain how evolutionary relationships are important in classification.
Identify the principle behind cladistic analysis.
Explain how we can compare very dissimilar organisms.
Name the six kingdoms of life as they are now identified.
Describe the 3-domain system of classification.
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