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Classification of Life Parts 1 and 2
Taxonomy –
Why are living things classified?
Three Historical Ways of Classifying Living Things
1. Anatomical similarities
2. Characteristics other than anatomy
3.
How are Living Things Classified?
Similar living things are placed in a large category. The category is divided into
smaller categories based on similarities until each individual has its own category.
Each category gets smaller, because the similarities get more specific.
THE DKPCOFGS SYSTEM – see page 459
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1. Eukaryota – multicellular living things with a nuclear membrane
a. Example - humans
2. Archaea – single celled prokaryotes that live in extreme environments
a. Example – Halobacteria found in high salt environments
3. Bacteria – single celled prokaryotes with a cell membrane made of lipids
a. Example – Lactobacillus found in yogurt
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1. Animalia – part of the Eukaryota domain
a. Example - humans
2. Plantae - part of the Eukaryota domain
a. Example – a rose
3. Fungi - part of the Eukaryota domain
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a. Example – mushroom, yeast
4. Protista – part of the Eukaryota domain
a. Example - amoeba, euglena
5. Eubacteria – part of the Bacteria domain
a. Example - E.coli (found in your intestines, makes you sick),
Lactobacillus (bacteria in yogurt )
6. Archaebacteria – part of the Archaea Domain
a. Example - Halobacteria
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Binomial Nomenclature –
Every living thing has a common name and a scientific name. The scientific name is
the _____________ and ______________ name.
Genus is always capitalized and species is not. Both genus and species name are
italicized. To abbreviate, use the first letter of the genus, then a period, then the
species name.
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Examples
Common Name:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Scientific Name:
Tree of Life –
1. All living things are related
2. Each living thing is most closely related to members of its own species and
distantly related to others in its domain
3. As time has passed, complexity and diversity of living things has increased
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