Download dragon sea moth

TAXONOMY
OR
How do we identify organisms based
on who they are related to, what they
are made of, or what they do?
What does a sea moth look
like?
DRAGON SEA MOTH
Taxonomy
The science of classification
 Taxonomy is a system of grouping
organisms based on phylogeny
(evolutionary relationships), biochemistry
and morphology (structure)
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Why classify?
– Huge amount of diversity among living things
– Helps to make sense of it all
Goals of Classification

Goal # 1: Give each type of organism a
unique name understood by all
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Binomial nomenclature – 2-name naming
system:
– Developed by Carrolus Linneaus based on
visible characteristics
– Genus & species
– Ex. Panulirus interruptus, a.k.a. Pacific spiny
lobster, rock lobster or crayfish
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Only about 1 million of 10 million
organisms have been identified and
named so far
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Goal # 2 – Group organisms according to
how closely related they are

“Related” means they share a common
evolutionary history (phylogeny)

Allows scientists to develop better
understanding about organisms & make
comparisons & predictions
Taxonomy

How do we classify?
– Look for common characteristics
 Phylogeny (evolutionary relationships)
 Biochemistry
 Morphology (structure)
– Ability to reproduce – biological species
Tree of Life
Taxonomic Levels (8 Taxa)
Example:
 Domain - 3 Domain: Eukaryota
 Kingdom - 6 Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
 Phylum
Class: Mammalia
 Class
Order: Cetacea
 Order
Family: Delphinidae
 Family
Genus: Tursiops
 Genus
Species: T. truncatus
 Species
8 Taxa
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Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species -
Dear
King
Philip
Came
Over
For
Good
Soup
3 Domains
Bacteria
 Archaea
 Eukaryota
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6 Kingdoms
Archaebacteria
 Bacteria (Eubacteria)
 Protista
 Fungi
 Plantae
 Animalia
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Major Marine Phyla from
Kingdom Animalia:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Porifera
Cnidaria
Annelida
Mollusca
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
Chordata
Major Marine Classes from
Kingdom Animalia:
Mollusca – Gastropoda, Pelecypoda,
Cephalapoda
 Arthropoda – Crustacea, Merostomata
 Echinodermata – Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea,
Echinoidea
 Chordata – Agnatha, Chondrichthyes,
Ostiechthyes, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia
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