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Taxonomy What is Taxonomy? Taxonomy is the science of naming, describing and classifying organisms and includes all plants, animals and microorganisms of the world. Unfortunately, taxonomic knowledge is far from complete. In the past 250 years of research, taxonomists have named about 1.78 million species of animals, plants and micro-organisms, yet the total number of species is unknown and probably between 5 and 30 million. To understand how organisms are related, scientists use a science called "taxonomy" to group different organisms. The top level on the taxonomic tree for grouping living things is the kingdom. There are five basic kingdoms to which an organism can belong: animal, plant, protist, bacteria, or fungus. You are in the animal kingdom. Each kingdom is then divided into "phylums". After phylums, there are smaller divisions known as "classes". Underneath the classes, there are "orders". Orders contain "families", families contain "genuses", and genuses contain "species". Each organism, or living thing, in a phylum is alike, but as the groups get smaller, the organisms become more alike. Organisms in the same species are very similar because they have the most similar traits. Often, there may be smaller divisions of divisions such as sub-classes and sub- kingdoms. To remember the different types of groups, use this memorizing device. Each word in the sentence begins with the letter of a group name in the same order. It’s like the saying you may use to remember the names of the planets. (My very educated mother just served us...) Here’s the sentence: King Put Coral On Fine Grain Sand (Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species)