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TAXONOMY OR How do we identify organisms based on who they are related to, what they are made of, or what they do? What does a sea moth look like? DRAGON SEA MOTH Taxonomy The science of classification Taxonomy is a system of grouping organisms based on phylogeny (evolutionary relationships), biochemistry and morphology (structure) Why classify? – Huge amount of diversity among living things – Helps to make sense of it all Goals of Classification Goal # 1: Give each type of organism a unique name understood by all Binomial nomenclature – 2-name naming system: – Developed by Carrolus Linneaus based on visible characteristics – Genus & species – Ex. Panulirus interruptus, a.k.a. Pacific spiny lobster, rock lobster or crayfish Only about 1 million of 10 million organisms have been identified and named so far Goal # 2 – Group organisms according to how closely related they are “Related” means they share a common evolutionary history (phylogeny) Allows scientists to develop better understanding about organisms & make comparisons & predictions Taxonomy How do we classify? – Look for common characteristics Phylogeny (evolutionary relationships) Biochemistry Morphology (structure) – Ability to reproduce – biological species Tree of Life Taxonomic Levels (8 Taxa) Example: Domain - 3 Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom - 6 Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Phylum Class: Mammalia Class Order: Cetacea Order Family: Delphinidae Family Genus: Tursiops Genus Species: T. truncatus Species 8 Taxa Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species - Dear King Philip Came Over For Good Soup 3 Domains Bacteria Archaea Eukaryota 6 Kingdoms Archaebacteria Bacteria (Eubacteria) Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Major Marine Phyla from Kingdom Animalia: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) Porifera Cnidaria Annelida Mollusca Arthropoda Echinodermata Chordata Major Marine Classes from Kingdom Animalia: Mollusca – Gastropoda, Pelecypoda, Cephalapoda Arthropoda – Crustacea, Merostomata Echinodermata – Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea Chordata – Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Ostiechthyes, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia