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Chapter 13-14 Review Sheet
Chapter 13 Questions
Answers
1. The study of living things and their interactions with their environments
Ecology
2. A group of different species that live in the same habitat and interact
with each other
3. A group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific area and
can interbreed
4. Environmental factor that is associated with or results from activities of
living things
5. The part of the Earth in which all life exists
6. A community of organisms along with their weather, soil, water & energy
flow
7. The specific place where a species lives
8. All organisms in an ecosystem are linked together in a network of
interactions, this quality is called?
9. The number of different species in an ecosystem is called?
10. Where an organism lives along with it’s trophic level, climate and when
it reproduces
11. Organism that can make organic materials for an ecosystem
Community
12. Another name for #11
13. All of the organic material in an ecosystem
14. As you move from one trophic level to the next, what happens to the
following aspects of an ecosystem?
 Amount of usable energy
 Number of organisms (biomass)
15. A linear series of feeding relationships
16. An organisms location within #15
17. Organisms that eat producers
Autotroph
Biomass
18. How water and minerals pass back and forth between biotic and abiotic
portions of the environment
19. Precipitation, condensation and evaporation are important processes in
this cycle
Biogeochemical Cycle
20. Processes in the nitrogen cycle
Nitrogen fixation (conversion of
atmospheric nitrogen into
usable forms of nitrogen)
Conversion of nitrogen from
decaying organisms into
ammonia
Converting nitrogen
compounds back to nitrogen
gas
Carbon cycle
21. Clearing forests, burning fossil fuels, and destroying vegetation are all
ways that humans affect this cycle
22. Organisms that eat only plant material
23. Organisms that eat only meat
Population
Biotic Factor
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Habitat
Interdependence
Biodiversity
Niche
Producers
Decreases
Decreases
Food Chain
Trophic Level
Primary (1st level) consumers
Water cycle
Herbivores
Carnivores
24. Organisms that eat both meat and plant material
25. Only about _________ energy flows from one trophic level to the next,
much of the energy is lost to the atmosphere as __________.
26. An organism that has an unusually large effect on an ecosystem?
27. Three things that affect populations
28. Number of individuals of a species per unit area or volume
29. Type of dispersion where there is an unpredictable spacing between
individuals
30. Type of dispersion where there is an even spacing between individuals
31. Type of dispersion where individuals are grouped in patches
32. Interactions between biotic and abiotic factors that cause variation in
population size
33. Two factors that can cause population size to increase
34. Two factors that can cause population size to decrease
35. Positive growth rate means this
36. Negative growth rate means this
37. Zero growth rate means this
38. Growth under ideal conditions
39. Draw a graph of #38
Omnivores
10%
Heat
Keystone species
Size, density, & dispersion
Population density
Random
Uniform
Clumped
Population Dynamics
Births & Immigration
Deaths & Emigration
Population numbers are
growing
Population numbers are
shrinking
Population numbers are staying
the same
Exponential growth
40. Population growth that is slowed by limiting factors
41. Draw a graph of #40
Logistic growth
42. Examples of limiting factors
Water, space, food, predators,
disease, mates, shelter
Carrying capacity
Density-independent factors
43. Maximum # of a population that a particular environment can sustain
44. Regulating factors that affect members of a population regardless of
density
45. Examples of #44
Weather events (drought,
hurricanes, floods) or other
natural disasters (earthquakes
& volcanic eruptions)
46. Regulating factors that affect members of a population more if the
population is more dense, less if the population is less dense
47. Examples of #46
48. Define Succession
49. Differentiate between primary and secondary succession
Density-dependent factors
Predation, disease, parasites,
competition
A progressive, predictable
ecologic change in a community
over time
Primary succession begins with
bare rock (after a volcanic lava
flow or retreating of a glacier
Secondary succession occurs
after a major even disturbs a
community (begins with SOIL –
hurricane, flooding)
50. What are the 3 main types of community interactions?
Competition, Predation and
Symbiosis
51. State the competitive exclusion theory.
No two species can occupy the
same niche at the same time,
one species will always out
compete the other (think of
paramecium experiment)
52. Can two organisms occupy the same niche and the same time? Why or
why not
53. Define commensalism and provide an example.
No see above
54. Define parasitism and provide an example
55. Define mutualism and provide an example
56. Animals that produce few offspring and nurture them to maturity
Relationship in one species
benefits and the other is not
harmed or helped (+/0)
VARY
Relationship in which one
species benefits at the harm of
the other (+/-)
VARY
Relationship in which both
species benefit (+/+)
Type I
57. Survivorship is constant, individuals are equally vulnerable at every
stage of the life cycle
58. May offspring are produced but few make it to maturity
Type II
59. Nitrogen is a component of which macromolecules
Amino Acids  proteins
60. Describe the role of plants in the carbon cycle
Plants take CO2 out of the
atmosphere during
photosynthesis to make sugars
and release some back during
respiration
Type III
61. What is niche partitioning aka resource partitioning?
using resources differently
(different times, different areas)
to avoid competition