Download 2.2 Plant Transport Systems

Chapter 2 Plant Structures and Functions
Lesson 2 Transport Systems
Main Idea
Vascular plants have special structures for the transport of materials such as sugar,
water, and minerals
Vocabulary
Xylem (84) – tissue in the stem that moves water and minerals
Phloem (84) – tissue in stem that moves food from leaves to rest of plant
Cambium (84) – layer between xylem and phloem that produces cells to be xylem
and phloem
2.2.1 How do different materials move in plants?
Main Idea
Vascular plants have a transport system made up of roots, stems, and leaves.
Supporting Details
A. Vascular Plants are constantly moving materials through specialized cells in
their transport systems
B. Root
a. Absorbs water and minerals
b. Stores food
c. Anchors the plant
d. Usually spread out and down in the soil
e. Cells of the roots carry water and mineral to the stem
C. Stem
a. Main stalk of the plant
b. Usually grows above ground
c. Develops buds and shoots
d. Materials move up and down the stem
e. Trunk is the main stem for a tree
D. Leaf
a. Grows from the stem of a plant
b. Petiole connect the leaf to the branch or stem
c. Water and minerals are transported from the stem to the leaves
through veins
d. Take in and release gases into the air
e. Produces sugar that is transported to the plant
2.2.2 What is the transport system made of?
Main Idea
Xylem carries water and minerals from the roots to the leaves. Phloem carries food
from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
Supporting Details
A. Vascular plants have tissues that form the transport system
B. Xylem
a. Moves water from the roots
b. Some of the water is stored in the vacuoles of the xylem
c. Most of the layers of tree trunks are xylem
d. Each year, a new layer of xylem forms a ring around a tree
i. One can estimate a tree’s age by counting the layers of xylem
ii. One can estimate the weather during a year that the tree was
growing
1. Lighter rings grow during the spring when there is lots of
water.
2. Darker rings grow in the fall when there is less water.
3. Years with lots of rain produce larger rings
4. Years with less rain produce smaller rings
C. Phloem - Moves sugar, produced in the leaves, to the other parts of the plant
D. Cambium
a. Layer of cells that separate the xylem and phloem
b. Produces the xylem and phloem cells for the plant
E. Bark
a. Outer layer of a woody stem
b. Serves as a protective layer for the tree
c. Inside the bark is a layer of phloem
d. Inside the layer of phloem is more xylem
2.2.3 How are roots different?
Main Idea
Different plants have different kinds of roots. Roots absorb water and minerals into
the plant.
Supporting Details
A. Taproots
a. Have one large root with a few branching hairy roots
b. Tend to grow deep in the soil and can often reach underground
sources of water
c. Example: dandelion, carrots, beets
B. Fibrous roots
a. Thin branching roots
b. Have huge networks of roots underground
c. Example: grasses
C. Prop roots
a. Grow like fingers out of the bottom of the stem
b. Help support or prop up the plant
c. Example: corn
D. Aerial roots
a. Roots that never touch the ground
b. Take in water and moisture from the air
c. Examples: some types of ivy and orchids