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Section 14- 1 and 2: Study Guide A MAIN IDEA: A habitat differs from a niche. Fill in the blank with the term that best completes the sentence. 1. A(n)__________ is the place where an organism lives. 2. A(n) __________ is how an organism lives. 3. Determine which of the ecological factors listed in the box below are part of a lion’s habitat and which are a part of a lion’s niche. Write each item in the correct column. MAIN Resource gives food other lions temperature wildebeest grass sand trees zebra hunting behavior savanna watering hole IDEA: availability structure to a community. Habitat Niche 4. Two species that are able to divide the resources in a niche without competing are involved in ________________. 5. One species of squirrel develops larger teeth that can crack larger nuts than another squirrel species living the same niche. This description is an example of competitive exclusion that has resulted in _____________________. 6. Honeybees collect pollen from flowers. Butterflies collect nectar from flowers. This relationship is an example of _____________________. 7. The principle of ___________________________ states that when two species compete for the same resources, one species will be better adapted to the niche and the other species will be pushed into another niche or become extinct. 8. Species that occupy similar niches but live in different parts of the world are called ___________________________. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Biology 2 Interactions in Ecosystems Next to each situation described below, write whether it is an example of interspecific competition or intraspecific competition. _________________ 1. Two squirrels race up a tree to reach a hidden pile of nuts. _________________ 2. A hyena chases off a vulture to feast on an antelope carcass. _________________ 3. Different species of shrubs and grasses on the forest floor compete for sunlight. _________________ 4. Brown bears hunting for fish on a river’s edge fight over space. _________________ 5. Male big horn sheep butt heads violently in competition for mates. Symbiotic Relationship Description Example 7. _______________ Both organism A and organism B benefit from their interaction. Long-nosed bat feeds on cactus fruit, and helps spread the cactus seeds. 8. _______________ Organism A benefits from Mites find a home in an interaction with organism human eyelashes but do B. Organism B does not no harm to the human. benefit, nor is it harmed. 9. _______________ Organism A benefits from its interaction with organism B. Organism B is harmed by the interaction. 10. A tapeworm absorbs nutrients from a mammal’s digestive system, reducing the amount of food available to the mammal. A parasite differs from a _________________ because it keeps its prey alive as long as possible. a. ectoparasite b. endoparasite c. predator d. symbiont 11. A tapeworm that lives in the digestive system of its host is an example of a(n) _________________ a. ectoparasite b. endoparasite c. predator d. symbiont 12. A close ecological relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with one another is ___________________. © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Holt McDougal Biology 2 Interactions in Ecosystems