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Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 WHI.6a 1. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the geography of Rome? A B C D Rome Rome Rome Rome is located on the Italian peninsula. was protected by the Alps Mountains to the north. had easy access to the Mediterranean and Adriatic Seas. suffered from a lack of good farmland. WHI.6a 2. Which statement about the geography of Rome is NOT true? A B C D Rome Rome Rome Rome is is is is located on a river near an abundance of good farmland. in central Italy near the Mediterranean Sea. on the Italian Peninsula, protected by the Alps. on a high altitude plateau surrounded by mountains. WHI.6a 3. Rome was protected from invasion by A B C D a ring of volcanoes surrounding the Italian Plateau. a series of coastal fortresses. trade agreements with Celtic tribes to the north. the Alps Mountains blocking land access to the Italian peninsula. WHI.6a 4. Rome was able to exert influence over the Mediterranean Sea because – A B C D it was outside the Strait of Gibraltar. it was located near the center of the Italian peninsula. the Greek city-states abandoned their colonies. it had a strong naval tradition. WHI.6a 5. Early Rome was able to develop because – A B C D it was far away from the empires to the east. it was under the protection of Athens. the Persian Empire had collapsed into small states. Phoenician sailors kept pirates from attacking Rome. Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 1 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 WHI.6a 6. Rome’s location near the Mediterranean Sea allowed it to – A B C D concentrate on having a strong navy. maintain peaceful relations with Carthage. trade with others areas by water. use the sea for drinking water. WHI.6b 7. Which of the following is NOT a Roman god? A B C D Mars Jupiter Yahweh Venus WHI.6b 8. If the Romans worshipped a family of gods, their religion can best be described as a form of A B C D polytheism. monotheism. animism. idolatry. WHI.6b 9. From whom did the Romans borrow their myths and gods? A B C D Babylonians Greeks Egyptians Hittites WHI.6b 10. Roman mythology influenced all of the following except A B C D art. literature. architecture. politics. Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 2 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 Use this list to answer the next question. Natural occurrences like storms Human traits and emotions like falling in love Life events like death WHI.6b 11. Which title would best fit the list above? A B C D Things Romans believed their emperor had power over. Things Romans believed that the gods were responsible for. Concepts that the Romans believed were beyond explanation. Occurrences interpreted by Roman leaders to predict the future. WHI.6b 12. All of the following were Roman goddesses except – A B C D Diana Minerva Athena Venus WHI.6c 13. There were two major social classes in ancient Rome. The ________ were wealthy and well born and the ________ were the poorer members of society. A B C D Patricians, Plebeians Hittites, Mennonites Phoenicians, Christians Romans, Gauls WHI.6c 14. Early Rome was governed by a Republic. What is a republic? A B C D government government government government by by by by all citizens religious figures representatives a king Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 3 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 WHI.6c 15. Who were considered citizens in the Republican period of Rome? A B C D freeborn Roman men enslaved foreigners children of slaves freeborn Roman women WHI.6c 16. Roman law was written down and displayed in the Forum. What was this set of laws called? A B C D Code of Hammurabi the Roman Constitution Laws of Solon Twelve Tables Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 4 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 Use this chart to answer the next question. WHI.6c 17. What title belongs in the blank for the two elected chief executives of the Roman Republic? A B C D tribune senator consul praetor WHI.6c 18. The Romans, in their early history, had an elected Senate, Assemblies and Consuls. What form of government is this? A B C D direct democracy dictatorship republic patriarchy Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 5 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 WHI.6c 19. To which group did Julius Caesar extend citizenship when he took over the Republic as dictator? A B C D slaves captured in Gaul during his campaigns free-born women in the city of Rome all non-Romans within the Republic’s borders selected foreigners such as doctors and teachers WHI.6c 20. A citizen of the Roman Republic had certain responsibilities including – A B C D maintaining canals and irrigation systems. paying taxes and providing military service. participating in jury trials and public debates. constructing public buildings and roads. WHI.6c 21. Which factor best indicates Rome was a republic? A B C D citizen assemblies made laws and elected officials any free-born citizen could become a senator leaders were chosen randomly by lottery rulers like Sulla wielded absolute power WHI.6d 22. What did the Romans do to conquered peoples to make them a part of the empire? A B C D forced them into slavery gave them Roman citizenship removed them from their lands killed them in war WHI.6d 23. Who did Rome fight the Punic Wars against? A B C D Greece Persia Carthage Egypt Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 6 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 WHI.6d 24. Winning the Punic Wars gave Rome control of what body of water? A B C D Adriatic Sea Aegean Sea Mediterranean Sea Black Sea WHI.6d 25. What famous general invaded the Italian peninsula during the Punic wars? A B C D Belisarius Hannibal Alexander Attila WHI.6d 26. What group spread Roman culture more than any other did? A B C D Roman Roman Roman Roman legions senate explorers philosophers WHI.6d 27. What was the series of wars called that ultimately gave Rome control over the Mediterranean Sea? A B C D Peloponnesian Punic Roman Civil Persian Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 7 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 WHI.6d 28. Which map correctly shows the nations that fought in the Punic Wars? A B C D WHI.6d 29. Rome and Carthage fought over – A B C D religious beliefs: polytheism versus monotheism. the Greek colonies in southern Italy. trade routes on the Mediterranean Sea. the natural resources of the Nile River Valley. Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 8 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 WHI.6d 30. As Rome conquered surrounding lands, the Republic transformed into an empire which spread – A B C D from the Nile River to the Indus River. throughout the Mediterranean basin. eastward to the Ural Mountains. as far south as sub-Saharan Africa. Use this map to answer the next question. WHI.6d 31. According to the map The Empire at the Time of Trajan, Rome controlled the – A B C D land of Arabia. Sarmatian people. kingdom of Egypt. Parthian Kingdom. Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 9 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 WHI.6d 32. Which region did Julius Caesar conquer, nearly doubling the size of the Roman Republic? A B C D Greece Asia Minor Mesopotamia Gaul WHI.6e 33. Which of these did NOT contribute to a weakened economy in the Roman Republic? A B C D the spread of agricultural slavery increased unemployment among small farmers devaluation of Roman currency discovery of new gold and silver deposits in northern Italy WHI.6e 34. Which of these contributed to a weakened economy in the Roman Republic? A B C D the outlaw of agricultural slavery discovery of new gold and silver deposits in northern Italy the adoption of gold for Roman currency increased unemployment among small farmers Use this information to answer the next question. increasing use of slaves unemployment among small farmers growth of the latifundia inflation WHI.6e 35. How did the factors above affect Roman society? A B C D They They They They caused caused caused caused economic instability and civil unrest. a movement to greater political freedom. the return of the Roman monarchy. Rome to be conquered by Carthage. Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 10 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 Use this picture to answer the next question. WHI.6e 36. What was the result of Julius Caesar seizing power in Rome? A B C D a period peace and stability began the people of Gaul rebelled with Caesar’s absence civil war broke out in the Republic the power of the Senate was reinstated WHI.6e 37. What effect did the expansion of Roman-controlled territories, with its increased use of slave labor, have on the Republic? A B C D small farmers went out of business and unemployment increased the economy expanded and free citizens prospered with the cheap labor small farmers could buy slaves cheaply and became more competitive skilled slaves improved productivity and strengthened the economy WHI.6e 38. The increased wealth from Roman conquests in the Mediterranean led to– A B C D a golden age of prosperity for Roman citizens. the devaluation of Roman currency. the sale of the imperial throne to the highest bidder. Rome’s defeat by a coalition of neighboring states. Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 11 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 WHI.6f 39. Who was assassinated by the Roman Senate after he had become a dictator? A B C D Marc Antony Augustus Caesar Julius Caesar Pliny the Elder WHI.6f 40. Who ended the Roman civil war with his victory over Marc Antony? A B C D Julius Caesar Augustus Caesar Constantine Diocletian WHI.6f 41. Who was the first emperor of Rome? A B C D Julius Caesar Cassius Marc Anthony Augustus Caesar WHI.6f 42. What was the primary weakness in the Roman Imperial system of government? A B C D There were no clear rules for choosing a new emperor. The emperor was a figurehead with no real power. The emperors were foreign-born citizens who lacked political support. The emperors lacked the support of the military. WHI.6f 43. The Roman Republic became the Roman Empire when the A B C D Senate gave Octavian the title Augustus. Romans first expanded outside Italy. First Triumvirate was established. patricians took control of government. Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 12 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 WHI.6f 44. What event signaled the end of the Roman civil war? A B C D Julius Caesar conquered Gaul. Augustus Caesar defeated Marc Anthony. The Senate disbanded the Roman army. Persia defeated the Roman forces in the Middle East. WHI.6f 45. What was the basis of the power of the Roman emperor? A B C D the Senate the military the personal wealth of his family his control of the Roman economy WHI.6f 46. The political alliance of Crassus, Pompey, and Caesar brought a shortlived peace to the Roman Republic. Their alliance was called the – A B C D Praetors’ Confederation. Consulship. Counsel of Tribunes. First Triumvirate. WHI.6f 47. What finally brought unity, stability, and peace to Rome after years of civil war? A B C D the reinstatement of Senatorial power the creation of a Greek-style democratic government centralized imperial authority with military support establishment an oligarchy of tribunes WHI.6g 48. What is the 200-year period of Roman peace and prosperity initiated by Augustus Caesar known as? A B C D Pax Sinica Golden Age Pax Romana Dark Age Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 13 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 WHI.6g 49. What is the best description of the territory held by the Roman Empire at its height? A B C D most of Europe including modern day Britain, France, Germany, Italy, areas in the modern Middle East and most of North Africa the Italian Peninsula, the modern Middle East, India and Persia Italy, North Africa, and most of sub-Saharan Africa including Madagascar most of Europe including Italy, England, Russia and Scandinavia. WHI.6g 50. Which of the following reforms was instituted by Augustus Caesar? A B C D He He He He granted religious freedom with the Edict of Milan. instituted a system of elections to choose a new emperor. reorganized Roman law into Justinian’s Code. created a professional civil service. WHI.6g 51. The period known in Roman history as the Pax Romana is best known for– A B C D the change in government from empire to democracy. peace, prosperity, and flourishing trade. religious change in the Empire from Roman gods to Christianity. civil war, massive unemployment, and Caesar’s assassination. WHI.6g 52. What was the social impact of the Pax Romana? A B C D slavery was abolished and slaves were freed Christians were granted religious freedom Jerusalem was returned to the Hebrews renewed emphasis on family loyalty Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 14 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 Use this information to answer the next question. Age of Pericles extended democracy many new buildings in Athens Pax Romana uniform system of money safe travel and trade on roads prosperity and stability WHI.6g 53. How were the Pax Romana and the Age of Pericles in Athens similar? A B C D Both Both Both Both were times of poverty. had little trade with the outside world. were times of warfare. were times of peace and artistic advancement. Use this information to answer the next question. WHI.6g 54. Which influence of the Pax Romana is FALSE? A B C D Economic Influence Geographic Influence Political Influence Social Influence Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 15 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 Use this list to answer the next question. Returned stability to the social classes Hired professional tax collectors Rebuilt and expanded the road system Sponsored artists and writers WHI.6g 55. What title best fits the list above? A B C D Reforms of Julius Caesar The Pax Romana of Augustus Accomplishments of the 2nd Triumvirate Endeavors of Marius and Sulla WHI.6h 56. What was the book that contained the teachings of Jesus? A B C D Old Testament Talmud New Testament Qur’an WHI.6h 57. What role did councils play in the early Christian Church in the Roman Empire? A B C D They They They They established Church doctrine. wrote the New Testament of the Bible. competed with the Pope for control of the Church. organized Crusades to conquer the Holy Land. WHI.6h 58. Early Christian leaders who spread their faith were known as – A B C D apostles. sages. monks. carriers. Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 16 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 WHI.6h 59. Early Christian doctrine was established by – A B C D Greek historians who translated Hebrew texts. a series of Church councils. Jews who were exiled from Jerusalem after a failed revolt. a Grand Synod called by the Roman emperor. WHI.6h 60. Early Christianity had its roots in which ancient religion? A B C D Zoroastrianism Buddhism Hinduism Judaism WHI.6h 61. At first, Christian beliefs – A B C D were accepted widely in Rome. conflicted with Roman polytheism. accepted Roman polytheism. were endorsed by the Roman Emperors. WHI.6h 62. What do Judaism, Christianity, and Islam all share in common? A B C D They They They They are monotheistic religions. think Jesus is a prophet of God. recognize Muhammad as a prophet. believe in reincarnation of the soul. WHI.6h 63. Christianity spread rapidly throughout the Roman Empire because – A B C D its message of eternal salvation for all who repent appealed to the common people. persecution of Christians only served to increase interest in the new religion. as military commanders converted, they forced their subordinates to convert too. many Romans had already converted to Judaism, which had similar beliefs. Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 17 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 Use this illustration to answer the next question. WHI.6h 64. Christians believe that Jesus of Nazareth is – A B C D an apostle. a prophet. a messiah. a disciple. Use this information to answer the next question. WHI.6h 65. What title belongs at the center of the diagram? A B C D Jewish traditions beliefs of Islam Buddhist teachings Christian beliefs Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 18 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 WHI.6h 66. The Roman execution of early Christians made them martyrs. What effect did this have? A B C D The executions dissuaded people from converting. Christians renounced their religion to become polytheists. The death of the martyrs inspired others with their faith. Few people took notice and the martyrs’ deaths had no real impact. Use this map to answer the next question. WHI.6h 67. The map of The Travels of Paul shows that Paul – A B C D did not spread Christianity to Rome or Italy. traveled widely in the eastern Mediterranean. helped spread Christianity to Alexandria in Egypt. went on only two missionary journeys. Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 19 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 WHI.6i 68. What role did the Christian Church play in the late Roman Empire? A B C D The The The The Church Church Church Church took over the government as the Empire fell. ran the court system and made laws. became the moral authority in the empire. provided holy soldiers for the Roman army. WHI.6i 69. How did the Church influence the Roman Empire? A B C D It It It It taught government. became the voice of morality. controlled the military. enforced Roman law. WHI.6i 70. Which Roman emperor legalized Christianity with the Edict of Milan? A B C D Diocletian Constantine Justinian Augustus WHI.6i 71. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire – A B C D the Muslim Empire easily conquered Western Europe. Europeans returned to tribalism and paganism. the Church became the unifying force in Western Europe. the Church lost influence without the emperor’s support. WHI.6i 72. Over time, how did most Romans come to view the Christian Church? A B C D People’s first loyalty was to the Church, not to the emperor. Romans continued to persecute members of the Church. The Church had little authority and was largely ignored. They lost faith in the Church, as well as the Emperor. Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 20 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 WHI.6i 73. Originally Christianity was suppressed by Roman authorities A B C D but later it was tolerated, if not accepted. and continued to remain illegal until the Empire’s fall. but later it became the official state religion. and eventually died out within the Empire. WHI.6j 74. What was the name of the large market and meeting place in Rome? A B C D Agora Pantheon Forum Acropolis WHI.6j 75. Where did the Romans hold the games of the gladiators? A B C D Parthenon Colosseum Colonnade Elysian Fields WHI.6j 76. How did the Romans respond to the problem of public health? A B C D They They They They practiced strict population control. built public baths and provided food for the poor. made the weak and unhealthy slaves. built free hospitals for the poor. WHI.6j 77. What was the prominent concept for Western civilization that was established in Roman law? A B C D Slavery would be abolished. All citizens were innocent unless proven guilty. All members of society would be provided for by the government. Gruesome gladiator matches would not be allowed in public places. Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 21 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 WHI.6j 78. Which of the following is NOT a Roman contribution to engineering and architecture? A B C D aqueducts paved roads Colosseum mosques WHI.6j 79. Latin became the basis for what language group? A B C D Indo-European Slavic Bantu Romance Use this picture to answer the next question. WHI.6j 80. The Romans built public baths and had a public water system to solve the problem of A B C D population control. drought. feeding the poor. public health. Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 22 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 WHI.6j 81. Which language was spoken in Rome and is considered the basis of the Romance languages? A B C D Latin Italian English Spanish Use this information to answer the next question. Category Technology Science Medicine Architecture Roman Contribution Roads, aqueducts Ptolemy Public water, baths ??? WHI.6j 82. Which structure BEST completes the table above? A B C D Colosseum Dome of the Rock Great Wall Parthenon Use this information to answer the next question. I. ___???___ a. b. c. d. a skilled mathematician, astronomer, and geographer a Roman citizen of Greek descent who lived in Alexandria, Egypt Wrote Geographyia, an overview of the geography of the Roman Empire Wrote Almagest, a book about the science of astronomy WHI.6j 83. Which title best completes the outline above? A B C D Archimedes– the Researcher Galen– the Investigator Socrates– the Philosopher Ptolemy– the Scientist Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 23 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 WHI.6j 84. Early Romans developed a complex mythology largely borrowed from the A B C D Greeks. Egyptians. Hebrews. Persians. WHI.6j 85. Which epic by Virgil told the story of a Trojan prince who was an ancestor to the founders of Rome? A B C D The Aeneid The Odyssey The Iliad Gilgamesh WHI.6k 86. All of the following contributed to the end of the Roman empire except A B C D inflation and economic instability. a weak government and civil unrest. the rise of the Christian Church and the growing influence of the Pope. the use of foreign mercenaries. WHI.6k 87. The Emperor ________ moved the Roman capital to Byzantium. A B C D Justinian Augustus Nero Constantine WHI.6k 88. Which of these contributed to the decline of the Roman Empire? A B C D resistance to the idea of a large standing army the adoption of a strict moral code conflicts over imperial succession and weak civil administration frequent wars with the Persian Empire Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 24 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 WHI.6k 89. What group(s) invaded Rome, finally putting an end to the Empire? A B C D Carthage Egypt Germanic barbarians Greek rebels Use this information to answer the next question. WHI.6k 90. Which statement best fits in the center of the diagram above? A B C D Factors Factors Factors Factors that that that that contributed contributed contributed contributed to to to to the the the the end of the Greek Golden Age. breakup of Alexander’s Empire. collapse of the Roman Empire. fall of the Han Dynasty. WHI.6k 91. How did geography influence the collapse of the Roman Empire? A B C D Long borders made the empire difficult to defend. The empire’s large size slowed the advance of barbarian invaders. Despite its large size, the empire was easy to govern. Its large size led to a diverse economy, which helped slow the empire’s fall. WHI.6k 92. As the economy and civic life of Rome grew more unstable – A B C D family loyalty strengthened as people turned inward. people lost faith in Rome and family loyalty declined. people rallied, becoming more loyal to the empire. ignorant about what was happening, Romans were completely surprised by the collapse. Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 25 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11 Tests for Higher Standards in History/Social Science Virginia Student Achievement Bank World History I SOL WHI.6 WHI.6k 93. Historians date the end of the Western Roman Empire to when the last emperor was deposed in – A B C D 476 CE. 44 BCE. 410 BCE. 64 CE. WHI.6k 94. Which society continued the culture and traditions of Rome for more than a thousand years after the Western Empire’s end? A B C D Byzantine Empire Muslim Empire Mongol Empire Frankish Empire Copyright © 1999-2011, S.S. Flanagan & D.E. Mott 26 Do not reproduce without permission. 7-1-11