Download 2015FallNSC408

Multiple Choice (3 points each, 150 points total)
1. Which hormone is released into circulation during negative energy balance?
a. Glucagon
b. Glycogen
c. Insulin
d. Estrogen
2. In which of the following tissue does gluconeogenesis take place?
a. Muscle
b. Liver
c. Adipose
3. Gluconeogenesis produces glucose from amino acids.
a. True
b. False
4. When an amino acid is metabolized to Acetyl CoA, how many net carbons are contributed for the
synthesis of glucose via gluconeogenesis?
a. 0 carbons
b. 1 carbon
c. 2 carbons
d. 3 carbons
5. During adapted starvation, __________ is the primary process of energy production.
a. Gluconeogenesis
b. Ketogenesis
c. Glycogenesis
d. Liponeolysis
6. Which of the following is NOT a ketone body?
a. Acetyl-CoA
b. Acetone
c. Acetoacetate
d. beta-hydroxybutyrate
7. In what state are both insulin and glucagon present at higher levels?
a. Stress or Trauma
b. Positive Energy Balance
c. Negative Energy Balance
d. Exercise
8. What is the primary energy pathway in cancer cells?
a. Glycolysis
b. Beta-oxidation
c. Krebs Cycle
d. Gluconeogenesis
9. What is the ENZYME of the first rate limiting step of fatty acid synthesis that converts Acetyl CoA to
Malonyl CoA?
a. Coenzyme A
b. Biotin
c. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
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d. Pyruvate dehydrogenase Kinase-4
In cancer cells and diabetes, glucose oxidation via Krebs cycle is impaired.
a. True
b. False
Obesity may contribute to diabetes by derailing normal mitochondrial oxidation of glucose.
a. True
b. False
Which of the following compounds may increase the risk for colon cancer?
a. Deoxycholic Acid
b. COX-2 inhibitors (e.g. aspirin)
c. Butyrate
d. Vitamin D
Most bile acids are recycled to the liver.
a. True
b. False
What is produced from the -oxidation of an odd-chain fatty acid?
a. Citrate
b. Propionyl CoA
c. Malonyl CoA
d. Methionine
Which metabolic profile would most likely lead to fatty acid synthesis?
a. Increased insulin, increased glucagon
b. Increased insulin, positive energy balance
c. Decreased insulin, increased glucagon
d. Decreased insulin, negative energy balance
Which lipoprotein has the highest cholesterol content and increase the risk of CVDs?
a. High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
b. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
c. Very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL)
d. Chylomicrons
In muscle cells, high levels of fatty acids may increase Acetyl CoA production leading to inhibition of the
pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme and contribute to diabetes
a. True
b. False
How does a high fat diet affect bile acids?
a. High fat diet blocks secretion of bile acids.
b. High fat diet reduces the amount of secondary bile acids in colon
c. High fat diet increases the production of secondary DCA in colon
d. High fat diet increases the conversion of bile acids to butyrate
Which of the following is a function of FXR?
a. Detoxification of BAs in the liver
b. Absorption of BAs in the ileum
c. Transport of BAs to the basolateral membrane of intestinal cells
d. All of the above
Which one is true about the role of FXR in liver tissue?
a. FXR stimulates bile acid synthesis
b. FXR inhibits gluconeogenesis and lipid synthesis
Beta-oxidation ATP Calculation: On your Scantron, choose the answer that correctly fills in the corresponding
box of the table, when each of the listed fatty acids are oxidized. Do not subtract ATP for FA activation.
Fatty Acid
# of acetyl-CoA
Rounds of
B-oxidation
# of NADH from
B-oxidation
# of FADH2 from
B-oxidation
Final ATP
total
16:0
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22:6
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