Download Chapter 9: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire

Chapter 9: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire (400-1300)
Section 1 – Transforming the Roman World
The New Germanic Kingdoms
 _________________ in Spain
 _________________ in Italy
 By 500 the Western Roman Empire was replaced by states ruled by _____________
kings
 Retained the __________________ structure of government
The Kingdom of the Franks
 ________________ unites the Franks as a Christian country (France)
Germanic Society
 ________________ & ________________ began to intermarry and create a new
society
 Crucial bond between the Germanic people was the _______________
o worked the land together and passed it down through generations
o Provided protection in the violent atmosphere of the time
Crime & Punishment
 ______________________ – crime was considered an offense against the state
o Court would hear evidence & arrive at a decision
 ______________________ – crime was personal
o Injury to one person could lead to a blood feud and savage acts of revenge
To avoid bloodshed, a new system was developed:
 _________________ – means “money for a man” – the amount paid by the
wrongdoer to the family of the person he or she has injured or killed
 _________________ – means of determining guilt in Germanic law – based on
divine intervention
Organization of the Church
 ___________________ – led local Christian communities called parishes
 ___________________ – led a group of parishes called a diocese
 ___________________ – (papa, “father”) one bishop became the leader of Roman
Catholic Church
Pope Gregory I (590-604)
 Known as _________________________
 Strengthened the power of the ____________ & ___________________________
 Gave papacy a source of political power
 Increased spiritual power over the church in the West
 Active in converting non-Christians through the monastic movement
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•_______________ – man who separates himself from ordinary human society in order to
pursue a life of total dedication to God
•______________________ – the practice of living the life of a monk
•First based on the model of a hermit who pursues an isolated spiritual life
•_____________________________ founded a community of monks for which he wrote a
set of rules
Saint Benedict’s Rules
 Emphasis on _______________ and ___________________ labor
 Ruled by an abbot or “father” who had complete authority
 Self-sustaining community
o Held up as the ideal Christian society
o Provided schools, hotels, and hospitals
Charlemagne and the Carolingians Background
 _________________ kings gradually lost their power to the mayors of the palace –
chief officers of the king’s household
 Pepin (son of Charles Martel) assumed the kingship
 Upon Pepin’s death, his son came to the throne
Charles the Great - ____________________________
 dynamic & powerful
 determined, decisive & highly intelligent
 fierce warrior & strong statesman
 pious Christian
 unable to write, but was a big supporter of learning
 Ruled ________________________
Carolingian Empire
 Relied on counts (German nobles) to act as king’s chief representative in the local
areas
 ______________________ (“messengers of the lord king”) – two men sent to spy on
the counts and ensure they were following the king’s wishes
Kingdom of Charlemagne
 The New Roman Emperor – Christmas Day 800
The Carolingian Renaissance
 Stemmed from __________________________ own intellectual curiosity
 And from the need to have literate clergy and officials
Monasteries established _________________ where monks copied Bibles and classic works
Crucial for preservation – most ancient Roman works exist today because copied by
Carolingian monks
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Chapter 9 Section 2 – Feudalism
Invasions of Europe
 ____________________ Empire began to fall apart soon after Charlemagne’s death
in 814
 Divided among he grandsons into three major parts
 _____________________ = disintegration of the empire
 __________________ attacked the southern coasts of Europe and France
 Magyars (people from western Asia) settled in Hungary and invaded western Europe
The Vikings
 Great love of adventure & spoils of war
 Warriors, great ______________________ and sailors
 Long and narrow __________________ ships carried 50 men
 The design of the ships allowed them to sail up European rivers and attack places far
inland
Feudalism
 Developed from a need to protect themselves against the ________________ and
other invaders
 Centralized governments were unable to defend their subjects
 People turned to local ____________________ and nobles who were powerful
enough to protect them in return for a service
Vassalage
 __________________ – man who served a lord in a military capacity
 __________________ – heavily armed cavalry
 Lords gave vassals a piece of land for their family in exchange for fighting for them
The Feudal Contract
 Lord/vassal _______________________ was made official in a public ceremony
 Vassal performed an act of homage to his lord
 __________________– the land given to the vassal
 Vassals could have their own vassals & the system became very complicated
The Nobility of the Middle Ages
 ___________________ – kings, dukes, barons, & bishops
 Had large estates and considerable political, economic, and social power
 Great lords and ordinary knight = common group within the _________________
 Warriors, united by knighthood
Tournaments
 Contests where ___________________could show their fighting skills
 “A knight cannot distinguish himself in war if he has not trained for it in tourneys.”
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Chivalry
 Code of __________________ that knights were supposed to uphold
 Knight were expected to:
 Defend the _________________
 Defend those who are ____________________
 Treat captives as honored guests
 ______________ only for glory and not for material rewards
Aristocratic Women
 Could legally hold property, but most remained under the control of men
 Because the lord was often away, managed the estate:
 Officials & servants
 Financial accounts
 Food supply
Eleanor of ____________________
 Married _______________ of France at age 15 (annulled) and later Henry II of
England
 Two of her sons were kings (Richard and John)
Chapter 9 Section 3 – The Growth of European Kingdoms
Learning Objectives - The students will be able to:
 Explain the significance of the following dates: 1066 and 1215
 Describe the impact of the Magna Carta, the development of representative
government in England & France, and the development of English common law on
the evolution of representative government
The Norman Conquest
 Battle of Hastings – __________________________
 _____________________________ landed on the coast of England and defeated
King Harold
 William was crowned king of ______________________
The Doomsday Book 24
 First ___________________ - list of all English assets
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Henry II
 Enlarged the power of the English ____________________ by expanding the power
of the royal courts
 _____________________ – law that is common to the whole kingdom began to
replace law codes that varied from place to place
 Power struggle with Archbishop _____________________________
 Becket __________________ in the Cathedral
June 15, 1215 John forced to sign the _______________________________
Magna Carta – ____________________________
 A feudal document – used to strengthen the idea that the ________________ power
is limited, not absolute
The First Parliament
 Established 1295 by ________________________________
 Composed of:
o _________ knights from every county
o _________ people from every town
o All nobles & bishops
 Eventually divided into the
______________________ & the __________________________
 Granted taxes and passed laws
First French Parliament
 Philip IV (Philip the Fair)
 Estates-General – 1302
o First Estate – ________________________
o Second Estate – ______________________
o Third Estate – _______________________
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