Download HONORS Early Middle Ages Notes for kids

The Early Middle Ages
I.
II.
Charlemagne’s Empire
A. Main Idea
1. Through conquest and social change, Charlemagne tied much of
_____________ Europe together in a _____________ empire.
B. Building an Empire
1. Charlemagne's predecessors, the kings of the __________,
worked for 200 years to make kingdom most powerful in Europe.
2. By 800s Franks ruled much of western, central __________.
3. Leaders most influential in expansion of Franks all belonged to
one family—Charlemagne’s family, the __________________.
C. Military Power
1. ___________ - became first king of Carolingian dynasty, 751.
2. 768, Pippin passed kingdom to son Charlemagne - incorporated
land of vanquished foe into his sphere of influence, formed
alliances with local rulers - increased size and power of
__________________ kingdom
3. __________________ - Franks defeated Lombards for Pope;
Charlemagne became king of Lombards as well as Franks
4. 799, Charlemagne helps Pope again - Charlemagne name
emperor of _____________ people.
D. Charlemagne’s Rule
1. Charlemagne had tremendous power as emperor - empire large,
not easy to rule; changes made government _____________,
effective – used ___________ and inspectors.
E. A New Society
1. Promoted education, scholars wrote and saved books, spread
Christianity (_____________ or die, monks). Developed ______
legal code .
2. Empire did not survive long after death in 814 - Civil war
wracked kingdom, grandsons divided empire - Empire weak,
invaders: Vikings, Magyar, Muslim
New Invaders
A. Main Idea
1. Invasions and migrations changed the ___________ and ______
landscapes of western Europe during the early Middle Ages.
B. The Vikings
1. Viking leaders looked for new sources of food, wealth - raids
began.
2. Vikings superb ship builders, sailors, and navigators.
3. First targets of raids England, northern France; favorite Viking
targets, __________________ – Vikings not ______________
and monasteries were loaded.
4. Not all Vikings who left Scandinavia raiders, some __________:
Iceland late 700s; 982, Greenland; 1082, ___________________
reaches North ______________.
III.
5. ______________ = Northman; Rollo and King of France – land
for defense
C. The Muslims
1. Muslims first came to Europe in large numbers as conquerors –
711, conquered __________ (ruled ______________ Peninsula
more than 700 years). Muslim Spain land of ______________.
2. 700s-900s: attacked __________; raided __________, destroyed
ancient churches.
3. Muslim fleets blocked ______________ trade in Mediterranean Pope turned to __________ for protection - balance of ________
in western Europe shifted because of this.
The Feudal and Manorial Systems
A. Main Idea
1. In Europe during the Middle Ages, the ___________ and ______
systems governed life and required people to perform certain
duties and obligations.
B. The Feudal System
1. Feudalism originated partly as result of Viking, Magyar, Muslim
___________.
2. Kings, nobles unable to ___________ their lands - built castles,
often on hills for defense - Nobles needed trained soldiers to
defend castles.
3. ___________ most important, highly skilled soldiers - being a
knight ______________, demanded payment for services
C. Fiefs and Vassals
1. Knights were usually paid for their services with land - land
given to knight for service was called a ________.
2. Anyone accepting fief was called a ___________ - person from
whom he accepted fief was his ________.
3. System of exchanging land for service the feudal system, or
______________.
D. Feudal Obligations
1. Lords, vassals in feudal system had duties to fulfill to one
another.
2. Knights - provide ____________ service to his lord, oath of
___________, obligated to pay ____________ for lord’s release
if captured in battle, and gave money to lord on special occasions
3. Lord had to treat knights fairly, not demanding too much time,
money, ____________ knight if attacked by enemies, and act as
____________ in disputes between knights.
E. A Complicated System
1. Europe’s feudal system incredibly complex - could be both lord,
vassal - almost everyone served more than one lord.
2. __________________ (but not in ______________), everyone
supposed to be loyal to the ________ - feudal rules specific to
time, place; could ____________ over time.
IV.
F. The Manorial System
1. The system that governed medieval ______________ was called
the manorial system because it was built around large _________
called __________.
2. Manors owned by wealthy lords, knights - peasants farmed
manor fields and were given protection, plots of land to cultivate
for selves.
3. Most peasants on farm were ________ - not slaves, but could not
leave manor, marry without lord’s permission.
4. Each manor included fortified house for ________ family, _____
for peasants, serfs.
5. Goal to make manor self-______________ - also included
church, mill, blacksmith.
6. Manors had some ________ people who rented land from lord,
landowning peasants, skilled workers, and a priest.
G. Daily Life in the Middle Ages
1. Early castles built for ____________ not comfort.
2. The typical village family lived in a small wooden one-room
house with a straw roof (and animals), dirt floor, wooden
furniture, and open holes in the walls served as windows
3. Peasant family rose before ________ - Men worked in the fields;
women did chores - during harvest, the ____________ family
worked in the field all day.
The Growth of Monarchies
A. Main Idea
1. The power of kings grew and the nature of ______________
changed across Europe in the early Middle Ages.
B. The Norman Conquest
1. _________________ rulers first to unify England under a strong
central monarchy
2. 1066, king died without heir; two men claimed throne: Harold,
Anglo-Saxon nobleman from England; ______________, duke
of ______________ in France.
3. William decided to take crown by force – defeated Harold at the
Battle of ______________ - became King William I of England,
known as William the ______________.
4. William stronger king than Anglo-Saxon rulers - claimed all
English land as personal property - divided land into _______ for
his ___________ soldiers; new ___________ created, all owing
loyalty to king.
5. William ordered __________ taken to learn more about kingdom
- _________________ Book, used to create central tax system.
C. Magna Carta
1. Kings following ____________ the Conqueror gained even more
power as time passed. New power came from acquisition of new
lands, many in France. By about ______ the power of the
English king started to worry some nobles. They feared kings
would abuse their ____________.
2. Nobles concerned their __________ would be taken away. ____,
concerns reached crisis point under King ________.
3. John caught in war with _________, lost almost all of England’s
French holdings.
4. Tried to raise money with new ________ on nobility. Nobles
refused tax, took up arms against king.
5. Rebellious nobles forced John to accept document outlining their
rights, _____________________. Restricted _________ power;
even kings not above the law. King had to __________ consent
of nobles before raising taxes.
6. Ended king’s ability to arrest, punish people without __________
or take property ______________.
D. Parliament
1. Magna Carta addressed many concerns, but some _________
still not satisfied. _______, nobles began another rebellion to
obtain say in how kingdom was run.
2. As part of agreement to end rebellion, king agreed to meet with
members of ____________, ____________, ____________ class
to discuss key issues facing country.
3. Resulting council developed into English ______________ body,
__________________.
4. _______________ one of first kings to clarify role of Parliament,
work effectively with governing body.
E. Central Government Strengthened
1. ______, Parliament summoned by Edward I included nobles,
clergy, representatives from every English county, town
2. Had power to create new taxes, advise ________ on lawmaking,
royal policy.
3. Edward I strengthened England’s __________ government,
reformed system of laws. Saw Parliament as tool for _________
monarchy, not ______________ it; kept Parliament in ________
role to power of king.
F. Other European Monarchies
1. The changes in the ___________ monarchy were unique. During
the Middle Ages, kings in other European countries also worked
to gain more power, but their experiences were different from
those of he English rulers.
2. After Charlemagne, kings of _______ did not rule much territory
- ___________________ - vy 1300, ruled almost all of ________
France.
3. Holy Roman Empire: after Charlemagne's death, the empire split
into two parts – west = France; east = _______________.
4. HRE: 936, ________ the Great gained enough support to become
king of the Germans
5. Growth of monarchy in Spain, Portugal coupled with _________
struggles – they had been conquered by _________ in early 700s.
6. Sp. & Por.: 722, Christian rulers began to fight Moors, drive
them out of Europe (___________________) - Moors not driven
completely off Iberian Peninsula until ______.