Download DNA Study Guide - Liberty Union High School District

UNIT 6 DNA STUDY GUIDE
NAME ________________________________
PERIOD______
Please answer the following questions thoroughly on a separate piece of paper, they do not have to be complete
sentences. Remember to take practice tests and quizzes from your text book web site, watch animations from
the site, you tube videos, study your activities and models, quiz yourself by asking your own questions and
remember you will learn it best if you teach it to somebody else!! I’m sure there’s a family member or friend
who would be willing to learn the most important biological activity going on inside your cells!!
First a question on how Meiosis contributes to sexual variation:
a. Name the three steps in Meiosis where genetic variation and gene mixing can happen.
1. What does DNA stand for?
2. What does RNA stand for?
3. Describe and draw the monomer of DNA.
4. What kind of sugar is in DNA?
5. What kind of and how many bonds hold the nitrogen bases together?
6. Which type of bond bonds the sugar to the phosphate?
7. What is the enzyme responsible for unwinding the DNA so it can replicate? ________________
8. The function of DNA Polymerase is to:?
9. Which of the bases are purines, pyrimadines?
10. What is the difference between a purine and pyrimadines?
11. What are the Nitrogen bases that can be found in DNA, which pair together
__________________________________________________________________________________
12. Which base is found only in RNA? _______________________
13. Label the detailed picture of the DNA molecule.
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22.
a. Nitrogen Bases
b. Nucleotides
c. Base Pairs
d. Hydrogen Bonds ( #)
e. Phosphodiester Bonds
f. Circle a nucleotide
g. Square in a base pair
3’ , 5’
List the three types of RNA and Describe the functions of each.
Use a Chart to explain the differences between DNA and RNA (Detail)
What “organelle” processes the mRNA during Translation? _________________
The process of Transcription makes _____________ from _____________
The process of Translation makes ________________ from ____________
Where does Transcription occur?
Where does Translation occur?
What is a codon?
Transcribe and Translate for the following Strand of DNA.
DNA T A C T A T T C C T C G T C T C G G C G T A T T
mRNA_______________________________________________________________________
tRNA________________________________________________________________________
aa ______________________________________________________________________
23. Transcribe and Translate for the following Strand of DNA. Here also tell the anit-codon the tRNA is carrying.
DNA T A C T G G G T A T G T C G G C G T A T T
mRNA ______________________________________________
tRNA ________________________________________________
aa ___________________________________________________
24. What is a gene?
25. Describe Transcription and Translation and tell the end product.
26. What parts of a chromosome are transcribed?
27. Describe the difference between and Exon and Intron.
28. How many different amino acids are there? ____________
29. How can that many amino acids form 100,000’s of different proteins?
30. Is the DNA exactly the same in each cell in your body? Explain!
31. If cells do all have the same DNA why don’t they all express the same proteins?
32. What are three ways that Transcription factors can enhance or restrict transcription?
33. What are polymorphisms?
34. What is another name for these?
35. How often do we see variation in the genetic code of humans?
36. What are different “versions” of genes called?
37. Define the two classifications of mutations and their characteristics
38. What is a point mutation and what can result from this?
39. Do mutations always produce terrible results? Explain
40. Describe a Frameshift mutation and the possible results from this.
41. What is Polyploidy?_______________________________________________________________
42. What kinds of organisms frequently experience polyploidy and what characteristics do they have?
43. Describe differentiation.
44. What embryonic genes are heavily involved in the differentiation of tissues?
45. Please add these words to the picture in the appropriate location:
Transcription
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
Ribosome
Translation
Codon
Anti-codon
Amino acid
Protein chain
Nucleus
Cytoplasm