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Transcript
The Earth The Layers of the Earth • The Earth is divided into __________ main layers. *Inner Core *____________Core *Mantle *______________ The Crust The Earth’s crust is like the ___________of an apple. It is very _________compared to the other three layers. The crust makes up _________ of the Earth (approx. 35km thick) The crust of the ____________ is broken into many pieces called _____________. The Mantle • The mantle is the layer just ______________the crust. • The mantle is the _________________layer of the Earth (approx. 2850km thick). • The mantle is _________into two regions: the ____________ and _____________ sections Outer Core The core of the Earth is like a ___________of very hot metals. The outer core is made up of liquid ____________ and Nickel. It is very __________ and is the second largest layerapprox __________km thick Inner Core The _________ core of the Earth has temperatures and ________________ so great that the metals are squeezed together and are not able to move. Size- 1216 km thick The inner core is a ______________. Continental Drift Alfred Wergener- about 100 years ago he noticed a ____________ and believed that the continents had once been ____________. He had ____ main pieces of evidence to support his Continental Drift Theory: jigsaw, fossils, geologic evidence and ice sheets Wergener’s Evidence 1. Jigsaw effect-the continents ______ together like a jigsaw puzzle, especially South America and Africa. 2. Fossils- fossils from the same animal/ dinosaur were found on _______ sides of the Atlantic Ocean. 3. Geologic evidence: ________________ have the same age and structure on both sides of Atlantic 4. Ice Sheets- evidence of ice sheets have been __________ in very hot places (like India and the Southern part of Africa) Plate Tectonics It was discovered that the plates are floating on the mantle (magma) and different _______________ _________________ moves the plates around (think boiling water moving the lid...) The pieces of the crust are Earth's tectonic _________________ -- there are 12 major ones -and they float along on vast _________________ currents in the upper layer of the mantle called the _________________. Shade each major plate on the attached map a different colour. Remember, there are two types of crust: ________________ crust, which extends all over the earth and is broken into the 12 large and many smaller plates; and, _______________________ crust, which “rides around” on top of the oceanic crustal plates Tectonic Plate Movment There are __________ basic plate movements or boundaries. 1. Divergent: • where the plates move __________ • new __________ wells up to the surface forming new crust (a ridge) • the Mid-Atlantic ridge is a prime example. 2. Convergent: • two plates come __________ • one plate goes under the other plate, creating a ______________ zone • the crust at the leading edge of the subducting plate melts back into the __________ • The Pacific Rim of Fire is a good example of this • 3 different types of convergent boundaries 3. Transform Boundaries: • two plates __________ past each other • this can create tremendous __________, which may be eventually released in the form of violent earthquakes • Example : the San Andreas Fault