Download The Earth The Layers of the Earth • The Earth is divided into ______

The Earth
The Layers of the Earth
• The Earth is divided into __________
main layers.
*Inner Core
*____________Core
*Mantle
*______________
The Crust
 The Earth’s crust is like the ___________of an apple.
It is very _________compared to the other three layers.
 The crust makes up _________ of the Earth (approx.
35km thick)
 The crust of the ____________ is broken into many
pieces called _____________.
The Mantle
• The mantle is the layer just ______________the crust.
• The mantle is the _________________layer of the
Earth (approx. 2850km thick).
• The mantle is _________into two regions: the
____________ and _____________ sections
Outer Core
 The core of the Earth is like a ___________of very hot
metals.
 The outer core is made up of liquid ____________ and
Nickel.
 It is very __________ and is the second largest layerapprox __________km thick
Inner Core
 The _________ core of the Earth has temperatures and
________________ so great that the metals are squeezed
together and are not able to move.
 Size- 1216 km thick
 The inner core is a ______________.
Continental Drift
Alfred Wergener- about 100 years ago he noticed a
____________ and believed that the continents had once
been ____________.
 He had ____ main pieces of evidence to support his
Continental Drift Theory: jigsaw, fossils, geologic evidence
and ice sheets
Wergener’s Evidence
1. Jigsaw effect-the continents ______ together like a jigsaw
puzzle, especially South America and Africa.
2.
Fossils- fossils from the same animal/ dinosaur were found on _______
sides of the Atlantic Ocean.
3. Geologic evidence: ________________ have the same age and structure on both sides of
Atlantic
4. Ice Sheets- evidence of ice sheets have been
__________ in very hot places (like India and the Southern
part of Africa)
Plate Tectonics
 It was discovered that the plates are floating on the mantle (magma) and different
_______________ _________________ moves the plates around (think boiling water
moving the lid...)
The pieces of the crust are Earth's tectonic _________________ -- there are 12 major ones -and they float along on vast _________________ currents in the upper layer of the mantle
called the _________________.
Shade each major plate on the attached map a different colour.
Remember, there are two types of crust:
________________ crust, which extends all over the earth and is broken into the 12
large and many smaller plates; and,
_______________________ crust, which “rides around” on top of the oceanic crustal
plates
Tectonic Plate Movment
There are __________ basic plate movements or boundaries.
1. Divergent:
• where the plates move __________
• new __________ wells up to the surface forming
new crust (a ridge)
• the Mid-Atlantic ridge is a prime example.
2. Convergent:
• two plates come __________
• one plate goes under the other plate, creating a ______________ zone
• the crust at the leading edge of the subducting plate melts back into the __________
• The Pacific Rim of Fire is a good example of this
• 3 different types of convergent boundaries
3. Transform Boundaries:
• two plates __________ past each other
• this can create tremendous __________, which may be
eventually released in the form of violent earthquakes
•
Example : the San Andreas Fault