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Study Guide for the Spring Performance Final
MITOSIS, MEIOSIS and GENETICS
1. List the five phases of mitosis in the order in which they occur. Write the letter of the picture that
matches each phase.
____ ________________________________
b.
a.
____ ________________________________
____ ________________________________
.
d.
c.
____ _________________________________
e.
_____ ________________________________
2. Which type of cell goes through mitosis? _________________________
How many daughter cells are produced? _________________________
3. Which type of cell goes through meiosis? ____________________________
How many daughter cells are produced? ____________________________
How does the process of meiosis differ from that of mitosis? ____________________
4. During which phase does DNA replicate itself?
5. Does replication happen during mitosis, meiosis or both?
6. Define genotype and give an example.
7. Define phenotype and give an example.
8. What does it mean if an organism is homozygous? Give an example of a homozygous genotype.
9. What does it mean if an organism is heterozygous? Give an example of a heterozygous
genotype.
10. Directions: For each of the following problems,



List the genotypes of the parents.
Diagram and complete a Punnett square.
Give the phenotype percentages of the offspring.
a. In peas, yellow color (Y) is dominant to green (y). What will be the results of a cross-pollination
of a heterozygous female and a heterozygous male?
b. In humans, straight toes (T) is dominant over curled toes (t). What would be the result of a cross
between a recessive male and a heterozygous female?
11. Mitosis vs. Meiosis Overview: Check the correct box or boxes that apply.
Mitosis
Meiosis
Type of cells it occurs
Number of cells created
Number of Chromosomes
Phases
Structures
Does crossing over occur
Number of Divisions
Creates (haploid vs.
diploid)
Number of Daughter Cells
Definition
12. What information does a karyotype give you?
13. How many chromosomes do human somatic cells have?
14. How many chromosomes do human sex cells have?
15. What are the sex chromosomes for males?
16. What are the sex chromosomes for females?
Be able to read and understand a karyotype.
17. What sex is this person?
18. Do they have a genetic disorder?
DNA and Protein Synthesis
19. What is the role of DNA?
20. What is the role of mRNA?
21. What is the role of tRNA?
22. DNA contains information for making what macromolecule?
23. Explain the process of transcription shown below. Label A and B.
s
Step 1
24. Where does transcription take place in the cell?
25. Explain the process of transcription below as shown in step 2. Label C, D, E, F, G.
s
s
Step 2
26. Where does translation take place in the cell?
27. Transcribe the following DNA into mRNA:
TAC CAC TAC GGC ACT
___________________________
28. Circle the codons in the mRNA above.
29. Translate the mRNA strand into amino acids
_______________________________________________
EVOLUTION
30. What is evolution?
31. Explain artificial selection.
32. Explain natural selection.
Industrial Melanism is a term used to describe the adaptation of a population in response to pollution.
One example of rapid industrial melanism occurred in populations of peppered moths in the area of
Manchester, England from 1845 to 1890. Before the industrial revolution, the trunks of the trees in the
forest around Manchester were light grayish-green due to the presence of lichens. Most of the
peppered moths in the area were light colored with dark spots. As the industrial revolution
progressed, the treee trunks became covered with soot and turned dark. Over a period of 45 years,
the dark variety of the peppered moth became more common.
33. Explain why the dark variety of peppered moths became more common.
34. What genetic process caused the first dark gene to appear?
Classification
35. Why are dichotomous keys helpful?
1. Has green colored body ......go to 2
36. Use the following dichotomous key
Has purple colored body ..... go to 4
2. Has 4 legs .....go to 3
Has 8 legs .......... Deerus octagis
3. Has a tail ........ Deerus pestis
Does not have a tail ..... Deerus magnus
4. Has a pointy hump ...... Deerus humpis
Does not have a pointy hump.....go to 5
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
5. Has ears .........Deerus purplinis
Does not have ears ......Deerus deafus
37. List three characteristics of a virus.
38. List three reasons why a virus is considered non-living.
39. Explain the lysogenic cycle
40. Explain the lytic cycle.
41. Why are they different?
42. Briefly describe what happens in each step of the lytic cycle.
Attachment: _____________________________________________________________
Entry: __________________________________________________________________
Replication: _____________________________________________________________
Assembly: _______________________________________________________________
Lysis: ___________________________________________________________________
43. Draw and label each of the 5 steps of the lytic cycle below:
______________
______________
______________
______________
______________