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PROTEIN SYNTHESIS AND DNA REPLICATION
1. Actinomycin D is an antibiotic drug that inhibits protein synthesis by blocking transcription. In some
cells, the application of the drug does NOT affect the synthesis of certain proteins. Which of the following
best explains such an occurrence?
(A) Not all proteins need tRNA molecules for their synthesis.
(B) The proteins that are made are using mRNA synthesized before application of the drug.
(C) Nuclear proteins do not require the cytoplasmic machinery of ribosomes.
(D) DNA transcription is not necessary for protein synthesis.
(E) Protein synthesis is blocked in the cytoplasm at the ribosome level.
(1986 #37)
Questions 2-4 refer to information in the following table.
2. A single substitution in the third position would have the greatest probability of mutational effect on the
codon
(A) GUU
(B) AUU
(C) CGU
(D) AUG
(E) CCC
(1986 # 118)
3. Which amino acid has the greatest number of codons?
(A) Leucine
(B) Proline
(C) Tryptophan
(D) Glutamic acid (glu)
(E) Aspartic acid (asp)
(1986 # 119)
Copyright  1970 to 2004 by College Entrance Examination Board, Princeton, NJ. All rights reserved. For face-to-face teaching purposes,
classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions. Web or Mass distribution prohibited.
4. During development, individual cells of the same organism begin to produce
different proteins because
(A) the cells have different numbers of chromosomes
(B) not all cells can synthesize proteins
(C) specific genes are activated in the cells
(D) the cells have different kinds and amounts of DNA
(E) genes are permanently lost as somatic cells differentiate
(1986 #35)
5. According to the Jacob-Monod model of the lac operon. the regulator gene does which of the
following:
(A) Specifies the amino acid sequence of the enzyme
(B) controls the activity of histones
(C) determines whether promoter genes will be translated
(D) Directs the synthesis of a repressor protein
(E) Produces the corepressor substances
(1986 #42)
7. The replacement of glutamic acid by valine at a specific position in the beta chains of hemoglobin
leads to sickle cell anemia. This change represents which of the following mutational events?
(A) DNA base-pair substitution
(B) DNA base-pair deletion
(C) DNA base-pair addition
(D) Chromosomal deletion
(E) Frame-shift mutation
(1990 #32)
8. GTAGTAGGT
What would be the sequence of bases of an mRNA molecule that was transcribed from the sequence of
DNA bases shown above?
(A) GTAGTAGGT
(B) CAUCAUCCA
(C) UCGUCGUUC
(D) AUGAUGAAU
(E) CATCATCCA
(1990 #40)
9. The enzyme that is found in retroviruses and that is required for the synthesis of DNA from RNA is
(A) DNA polymerase III
(B) RNA polymerase
(C) restriction endonuclease
(D) reverse transcriptase
(E) dehydrogenase
(1990 #52)
10. In DNA replication, DNA polymerase catalyzes the reaction in which
(A) the double helix unwinds
(B) the sugar-phosphate bonds of each strand are broken
(C) a phosphate group is added to the 3’-carbon or 5’-carbon of ribose
(D) a nucleotide with a base complimentary to the base on the template strand
is added to the new DNA strand
(E) the two nucleotide strands come together and intertwine to form a double
helix
(1990 #58)
11. In order for a bacterium to produce a eukaryotic protein, which of the following must first be isolated
from a eukaryotic cell prior to cloning?
(A) The protein’s primary RNA transcript from the nucleus
(B) The protein’s mRNA from the cytoplasm
(C) The protein from the rough endoplasmic reticulum
(D) The introns from the segment of DNA that codes for the protein
(E) The segments of DNA that control transcription for this protein
(1990 #60)
12. The working of the lac operon is important for which of the following reasons?
(A) It represents a principal means by which genes are regulated in prokaryotes.
(B) It represents a principal means by which genes are regulated in eukaryotes.
(C) It illustrates the complexities of rRNA transcription.
(D) It provided the first clues to how DNA replication is controlled during the cell cycle.
(E) The understanding of it led to the development of an economical means
for the biological production of lactose.
(1990 #67)
13. DNA replication can be described as
(A) semiconservative
(B) conservative
(C) degenerative
(D) dispersive
(E) radical
(1990 #70)
14. Which of the following is a correct statement about mutations?
(A) They are a source of variation for evolution.
(B) They drive evolution by creating mutation pressures.
(C) They are irreversible.
(D) They occur in germ cells but not in somatic cells.
(E) They are most often beneficial to the organisms in which they occur.
(1994 #9)
Questions 15-16 refer to the chart below.
mRNA Codons
AGA
GGA
AGC
GCA
CAG
Amino Acids
arginine
glycine
serine
alanine
glutamine
15. …glutamine-glutamine-glutamine-…
…serine-serine-serine...
Which of the following messenger RNA sequences could code for both of the two
amino acids sequences above, simply by a shift in the reading frame?
(A) ...AGCAGCAGCAGC...
(B) ...AGUAGUAGUAGU...
(C) ...CAACAACAACAA...
(D) ...GCUGCUGCUGCU...
(E) ...GCAAGCGCAAGC...
(1994.#115)
16. glycine-serine-glycine
Which of the following DNA strands will code for the amino acids sequence shown above?
(A) ACTCCTTCT
(B) TCTCCGTCG
(C) CCGTCGACT
(D) CCTCCGTCG
(E) CCTTCGCCT
(1994.#116)
Directions: Each group of questions below consists of five lettered headings followed by a list of
numbered phrases or sentences. For each numbered phrase or sentence select the one heading that is
most closely related to it and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Each heading may be
used once, more than once or, not at all in each group.
Questions 17-20
(A.) Transcription
(B.) Translation
(C.) Transformation
(D.) Replication
(E.) Reverse transcription
17. Process in which a protein is assembled at a ribosome (1999 #92)
18. Process in which naked DNA is taken up by a bacterial or yeast cell (1999 #93)
19. Process that results in the production of cDNA from an RNA molecule (1999 #94)
20. Process in which RNA is produced by using a DNA template (1999 #95)
Questions 21-25 Refer to the following diagram
21. A chemical group that, together with a sugar and a nitrogen base, make up a nucleotide (1994 #91)
22. A hydrogen bond (1994 #92)
23. A pyrimidine (1994 #93)
24. A 5’ carbon of deoxyribose (1994 #94)
25. Most likely to be broken during replication (1994 #95)