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Name: ____________________________________________ Date: ___________________ Quiz Preparation Guide for Persian and Peloponnesian Wars and the Hellenistic Age Persian Wars (approx. 490 B.C. – 479 B.C.) - Persia attacked Athenian colonies - Athens sent troops to defend the colonies - Persia attacked Athens - Battle of Marathon (Athens won) - 10 years went by - Persia attacked again. This time the combined an overland route with a sea route. - Battle of Thermopylae (fight between Persia and the 300 Spartan soldiers at the pass at Thermopylae) - Spartans held the Persians back long enough for the Athenian forces to prepare to defend Athens - Battle of Salamis resulted in a win for the Greeks - Battle of Mycale (final battle of the wars) resulted in Greek victory over Persia The Delian League - Greeks decided they needed a united defense plan - Developed the Delian League to gather funds and supplies to defend the city-states in the case of a war - The Spartan army and the Athenian navy were funded by the Delian League - Athens was in charge of the money to pay for the League - Sparta got suspicious of how Athens was using the money - Sparta decided to leave the Delian League, other city-states followed them - This led to the Peloponnesian Wars Peloponnesian Wars - Sparta attacked Athens - Athenians all moved inside of the city walls - Sickness killed many Athenians and they had no access to food because the Spartans surrounded their city - Athens surrendered - Sparta made Athens a part of the Spartan oligarchy - Athens began to recover - Greek city-states began to lose power as the Macedonian empire grew Macedonia Rises - King Philip of Macedonia tried to create an empire - Philip united all of Macedonia - Began taking over city-states Alexander the Great - son of Philip of Macedonia - educated by Greek philosophers (including Aristotle) - thought of himself as Greek - became King of Macedonia after father’s assassination - created an empire that covered most of the known world at the time (over 22 million square miles!) - encouraged the spread of Greek culture (including language and religion) - encouraged his leaders to combine Greek culture with the cultures of the areas that were taken over - founded many great cities that encouraged learning - 323 B.C. – Alexander dies The Hellenistic Age - Hellenistic means “Greek-like” (Hellene means Greek) - Hellenistic Age is from Alexander’s reign to about 100 B.C. - During this time, Greek culture spread into the Middle East, northern Africa (including Egypt), and into Western Europe (including Italy) - The Hellenistic Age was a time of great advancements in learning, art and philosophy - During this time, Alexandria, Egypt became the center of learning in the known world (making Athens a much less important city)