Download Persian Wars (approx

Name: ____________________________________________
Date: ___________________
Quiz Preparation Guide for Persian and Peloponnesian Wars and the
Hellenistic Age
Persian Wars (approx. 490 B.C. – 479 B.C.)
- Persia attacked Athenian colonies
- Athens sent troops to defend the colonies
- Persia attacked Athens
- Battle of Marathon (Athens won)
- 10 years went by
- Persia attacked again. This time the combined an overland route with a sea route.
- Battle of Thermopylae (fight between Persia and the 300 Spartan soldiers at the pass at
Thermopylae)
- Spartans held the Persians back long enough for the Athenian forces to prepare to defend Athens
- Battle of Salamis resulted in a win for the Greeks
- Battle of Mycale (final battle of the wars) resulted in Greek victory over Persia
The Delian League
- Greeks decided they needed a united defense plan
- Developed the Delian League to gather funds and supplies to defend the city-states in the case of a
war
- The Spartan army and the Athenian navy were funded by the Delian League
- Athens was in charge of the money to pay for the League
- Sparta got suspicious of how Athens was using the money
- Sparta decided to leave the Delian League, other city-states followed them
- This led to the Peloponnesian Wars
Peloponnesian Wars
- Sparta attacked Athens
- Athenians all moved inside of the city walls
- Sickness killed many Athenians and they had no access to food because the Spartans surrounded
their city
- Athens surrendered
- Sparta made Athens a part of the Spartan oligarchy
- Athens began to recover
- Greek city-states began to lose power as the Macedonian empire grew
Macedonia Rises
- King Philip of Macedonia tried to create an empire
- Philip united all of Macedonia
- Began taking over city-states
Alexander the Great
- son of Philip of Macedonia
- educated by Greek philosophers (including Aristotle)
- thought of himself as Greek
- became King of Macedonia after father’s assassination
- created an empire that covered most of the known world at the time (over 22 million square miles!)
- encouraged the spread of Greek culture (including language and religion)
- encouraged his leaders to combine Greek culture with the cultures of the areas that were taken
over
- founded many great cities that encouraged learning
- 323 B.C. – Alexander dies
The Hellenistic Age
- Hellenistic means “Greek-like” (Hellene means Greek)
- Hellenistic Age is from Alexander’s reign to about 100 B.C.
- During this time, Greek culture spread into the Middle East, northern Africa (including Egypt), and
into Western Europe (including Italy)
- The Hellenistic Age was a time of great advancements in learning, art and philosophy
- During this time, Alexandria, Egypt became the center of learning in the known world (making
Athens a much less important city)