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Exam 1 Review: Practice Exam Supplemental Instruction Iowa State University Leader: Course: Instructor: Date: Jessica Biol 211(1) Holscher 9/11/2016 1. What is a hypothesis? a) a verifiable observation b) the same thing as an unproven theory c) a testable explanation that can be falsified d) a fact that can be observed e) A fact that is testable 2. Which branch of biology is concerned with naming organisms? a) Name-ology b) taxonomy c) phylogenetics d) systematics e) ecology 3. __________ is used to trace the evolutionary history of species or groups of organisms. A) Phylogeny B) Taxonomy C) Bioinformatics D) Binomial nomenclature 4. The classification system that we use in this class is a) The 2 Kingdom system b) The 5 Kingdom system c) The 3 Domain system d) The magic Kingdom system e) None of the above 5. The oldest group of organisms on earth are ______ and are the common ancestor of all animals. a) plants b) prokayotes c) protists d) Euglenazoa e) dinosaurs 6. An “endosymbiont” is ___________________. The primary plastids of ___________ are thought to have originated this way. a) a chimera, red algae b) a eukaryote cell, red algae c) an organism that lives inside another organism, red and green algae d) a plant and its pollinator, red and green algae e) Lynn Margulis, green algae 1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center 515-294-6624 [email protected] http://www.si.iastate.edu 7. ________ is the most common compound in the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria. a) Cellulose b) Lipopolysaccharide c) Lignin d) Peptidoglycan e) Capsule 8. What is the correct sequence of events during an animal's early development 1. gastrulation 2. blastula formation 3. fertilization 4. cleavage A) 4-3-2-1 B) 4-3-1-2 C) 3-2-4-1 D) 3-4-2-1 E) 3-4-1-2 9. The fate of the blastopore distinguishes between Protostomes in which it becomes the___________, and Deuterostomes in which it becomes the___________. A) mouth, coelom B) anus, mouth C) coelom, archenteron D) mouth, anus E) none of the above 10. Many of the Phyla existing today first appear in the fossil record over 500 mya during the A) Ediacarian Period B) Cretaceous Period C) Permian Period D) Carbiniferous Period E) Cambrian Period 11. Cephalization is most closely associated with which of the following? A) a sessile existence B) concentration of sensory structures at the anterior end C) a vertebral column D) a predatory lifestyle E) a sedentary lifestyle 12. Sponges differ from all other animals in that they: A) lack cells B) are sessile C) display radial symmetry D) are hermaphrodites E) lack true tissues 13. Acoelomates are characterized by: A) the absence of a brain B) the absence of mesoderm C) a coelom not completely lined with mesoderm D) a solid body without a cavity surrounding the internal organs E) dueterostome pattern of development 14. The prokaryotes that are able to produce oxygen are the ___________. A) dinolagellates B) dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria C) cyanobacteria D) green algae E) halophiles 15. Circle the statement about prokaryotic cells that is true. A) The genome of a prokaryote consists of a single linear strand of DNA contained in a welldefined membrane-bound nucleus. B) Prokaryotic chromosomes are also called plasmids. C) The genome of a prokaryote consists of a single linear strand of DNA contained in a welldefined membrane-bound nucleus. D) The genome of a prokaryote consists of a circular chromosome located in a nucleoid region. 16. Foraminiferans contain the characteristic of A) Multichambered, porous shells that allow for the extension of pseudopodia B) multicellularity C) movement using flagella D) movement using cilia 17. “Red tides” are caused by A) green algae B) red algae C) dinoflagellates D) diatoms 18. Triplobastic animals have a body cavity called A) lophophore B) trocophore C) acoelom D) coelom 19. Parthenogenesis is A) Reproduction consisting of only females that produce more females from unfertilized eggs B) Reproduction consisting of only females that produce more females from fertilized eggs C) male and female sexual reproduction D) budding 20. Prokaryotes poisoned by O2 are classified as A) facultative aerobes B) obligate anaerobes C) obligate aerobes D) aerotolerant anaerobes 21. The end of the Cretaceous Period where the dinosaurs went extinct A) The Cambrian explosion B) The K-P extinction C) The Jurassic explosion D) The Pleocene explostion 22. Bacteria have cells walls that contain _____, whereas archaea do not. A) Peptidoglycan B) organelles C) ribosomes D) nuclei 23. Flatworms is the common name for Phylum A) Porifera B) Platyhelminthes C) Nemotoda D) Annelida 24. The blastopore is first noticeable during _________. This is also the stage where you are first able to distinguish a diploblastic embryo from a triploblastic embryo. A) gastrulation B) plasmogamy C) fertilization D) cleavage 25. A lophophore is used for A) locomotion B) skeletal support C) feeding D) reception 26. The zygotes of most deuterstomes undergo _________ cleavage. A) spiral and determine B) radial and determinate C) spiral and indeterminate D) radial and indeterminate 27. Photoautotrophs use _____ as an energy source and _____as a carbon source. A) light, light B) carbon, light C) carbon, carbon D) light, carbon 28. Animals that feed on living plants are called _______. A) omnivores B) herbivores C) carnivores D) detritivores 29. How do tapeworms feed? A) gastrovascular cavity B) use their feet to put food in their mouths C) absorb nutrients across their body wall D) autotrophic 30. Gram-positive bacteria typically have ________. A) no peptidoglycan layer B) thin peptidoglycan layer C) thick peptidoglycan layer 31. Which of the following represents the correct way to designate the scientific name of humans? A) homo sapiens B) Homo sapiens C) Homo Sapiens D) Homo sapiens 32. The prokaryotes most likely to be found living in a volcano are the ________ A) halophiles B) cyanobacteria C) proteobacteria D) hyperthermophiles 33. If you separate 4 cells that are determinate, what will happen? A) each cell will develop into a full-sized, normal embryo B) each cell may develop into a smaller than average, but normal embryo C) each cell may continue to develop, but only into an embryo that lacks many parts D) all 4 cells will die 34. If you separate 4 cells that are indeterminate, what will happen? A) each cell will develop into a full-sized, normal embryo B) each cell may develop into a smaller than average, but normal embryo C) each cell may continue to develop, but only into an embryo that lacks many parts D) all 4 cells will die 35. Prokaryotes reproduce asexually by ________ A) mitosis B) meiosis C) binary fission D) alternation of generations 36. Phytoplankton are _______ A) a type of cyanobacteria B) aquatic, photosynthetic protists C) heterotrophic, unicellular protists D) the closest relatives of extant land plants 37. A sexual process called _______ in ciliates results in genetic variation. A) plasmogamy B) phagocytosis C) karyogamy D) conjugation 38. True coelom derives from ______ tissue A) mesoderm B) ectoderm C) endoderm D) mesoderm and endoderm 39. Prokaryotes have which of the following? A) nucleus B) golgi apparatus C) ribosomes D) mitochondria 40. Gram Negative bacteria have a _______ peptidoglycan cell wall and a lipopolysaccharide outer envelope. A) thin B) thick C) none 41. If Jessica has a disease with a bacteria called Vibrio cholorae , the bacteria would most likely be A) Circular B) Rod shaped C) Comma shaped D) Spiral shaped 42. Meiosis can only occur in a. humans b. bacteria c. archaea d. dipoid (2n) cells 43. The process of using bacteria as a way to clean stuff (for example an oil spill) is called? A) Bioremediation B) Bacteria attack C) antibiotics D) GMO’s 44. True or false: most protists are found in dry, terrestrial habitats. A) true B) false 45. Torsion is when a. The visceral mass forms b. The circulatory system goes from open to closed c. The visceral mass rotates 180 so the anus is above the head d. The snail goes really fast! 46. Organisms known for their glass like appearance and diatomaceous earth are A) Forminapherans B) Brown algae C) Euglena D) Diatoms 47. Most of the animals living on Earth right now are A) reptiles B) humans C) arthropods D) birds 48. Butterflies go through complete metamorphosis, this means a. Larva pupa adult b. Pupa larva adult c. egg larva pupa adult d. egg pupa larva adult 49. What is Phylum Arthropoda distinguished for? A) having body segments organized into tagmata B) for being scary and gross C) for being single-celled flagellated protists D) for absorbing nutrients across their body wall 50. All arthropods have ________ A) radial symmetry B) a chitinous endoskeleton C) open circulatory system D) poorly-developed sensory organs