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Study Guide Chapter 18: Reconstruction and the Changing South (pgs 514-535)
American Nation text
Vocabulary and people
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Section One
freedmen
Ten percent plan/Abraham Lincoln
Freedmen’s Bureau
John Wilkes Booth
13th amendment
Andrew Johnson
Section Two
7. black codes
8. Radical Republicans
9. 14th amendment
10. impeach
11. 15th amendment
Section Three
12. scalawags
13. carpetbaggers
14. conservatives
15. Ku Klux Klan
16. sharecropping
Section Four
17. election of 1876
18. poll taxes
19. literacy test
20. grandfather clause
21. segregation
22. Jim Crow Laws
23. Plessy Vs. Ferguson
Section One: Early Steps to Reunion
Key concept: After the Civil War, the country had to repair the damage
done by fighting and find a way to rebuild.
I. Post War Problems
A. About ________________ Union soldiers needed jobs.
B. Most Northern farms and cities were ____________ touched by war.
C. In the South, __________ of the railroad tracks were destroyed and
cities such as ______________ were destroyed. Confederate
__________ was worthless.
D. The biggest change in the South was that four million former slaves
were now called ________________.
II. Early Steps Toward Reconstruction
A. Lincoln felt the earlier the South rejoined the Union, the __________.
B. Lincoln’s plan was called the ____________ Plan. When ________ of
voters swore loyalty and slavery was abolished, that state could be part of
the Union.
C. Which Confederates were not given amnesty and why do you think this
was so?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
D. ______________ in Congress said the 10% plan was too lenient. The
Wade-Davis Bill said a __________________ loyalty oath and any
former volunteer for the Confederacy could not ________ or
____________. Why did Lincoln refuse to sign this?
___________________________________________________________
E. Before the end of the war, the ___________________________ was
established to provide (list 3 things)
1.
2.
3.
III. Lincoln Is Assassinated
A. Five days after the surrender, Lincoln was shot at
____________________by John Wilkes Booth.
IV. The New President
A. Andrew Johnson was from ____________________ and Congress
thought he would want what type of Reconstruction Plan?
_______________
B. Johnson’s Plan called for ________________ loyalty oath, and to ratify
the ________ amendment which banned slavery. Why was the 13th
amendment necessary after the Emancipation Proclamation?
_______________________________________________________
C. Why were Republicans in Congress so upset (2 reasons)?
1.
2.
Section Two: Radical Reconstruction
Key Concept: Angered by the South’s response to President Johnson’s
Reconstruction program, Republicans in Congress put in place a harsher
plan.
I. Black Codes Anger Congress
A. What was passed in reaction to the 13th amendment?
_______________________ _______
B. List 2 rights gained:
1.
2.
C. List 2 rights taken away:
1.
2.
D. Whom did the Republicans in Congress blame for the black codes?
______________________
II. Rise of the Radicals
A. The two leading Radicals were ______________________ of
Pennsylvania and ______________________ of Massachusetts.
B. Which region of the country were the radicals from and why?
________________________________________________
B. To stop the black codes, Congress passed the
_______________________ to protect the citizenship of freedmen.
President _____________ vetoed the bill.
C. The __________ amendment guaranteed citizenship. This was so the
Civil Rights Act would not be ruled against. Which former Supreme Court
case made Congress distrust the Courts? ________________________
III. Radicals in Power
A. President Johnson was against the _________ amendment.
B. By 1867 the Republicans in Congress had a majority and could
__________________ the President’s vetoes and this time period is
called ________________________________.
C. There were Reconstruction Acts that stated:
1. Each state must ratify the _________ amendment.
2. The South was in _______ military districts.
3. African Americans must be allowed to _______.
4. Former Confederate officials could not _________. Which
political party do you think this meant lost power?
_______________
D. The __________________ won control of Southern governments with
the help of which new voters? ________________________
IV. Impeachment and a New President
A. In 1868 the House __________________ Johnson, which means to
bring formal charges against. He was found __________________ by the
Senate by one vote.
B. __________________________ was elected President in 1868. He
was helped by ________________ black voters.
C. In 1870 the _________ amendment was ratified and this guaranteed
the right to vote for African American males over 21.
Section Three: The South Under Reconstruction
Key Concept: Reconstruction governments tried to rebuild the South
despite some fierce opposition.
I. New Forces in Southern Politics
A. Many whites in the South called any white, southern supporters of
Republicans scalawags. What does this term imply the South thought
about scalawags? ______________________________
B. Why was the South against carpetbaggers?
________________________________________________
C. The third new group to hold power in the South were the
___________________. Which political party were they?
______________________________
II. Conservatives Resist
A. The ____________________ held power in the South before the Civil
War and were Democrats.
B. A dangerous group to stop freedmen from having power was the
______________.
III. The Challenge of Rebuilding
A. In the South, schools, railroads, ______________, bridges and roads
were rebuilt.
B. What were two reasons the Southerners with the Reconstruction
governments?
1.
2.
IV. A Cycle of Poverty
A. Many Radicals promised the freedmen
____________________________ by breaking up large plantations.
B. Many freedmen became sharecroppers. Draw a diagram of how
sharecropping worked.
Section Four: The End of Reconstruction
Key Concept: When the North lost interest in protecting the goals of
Reconstruction, the era of Reconstruction came to an end.
I. The End of Reconstruction
A. By the end of the _____________, the North was ready to be finished
with Reconstruction.
B. The ___________________ were hurt by the corruption in the Grant
administration.
C. In 1872 ______________________was granted to all white
Southerners, which included the right to vote.
D. The Election of ______________ ended Reconstruction. After a
disputed election, Hayes (Rep) became President instead of
______________(Dem) because he would end Reconstruction by
removing ______________________ from the South.
II. Restricted Rights
A. To stop freedmen from voting (they would vote Republican), southern
states passed ___________________. Freedmen could not afford this.
B. _______________________ were also required in order to vote and
freedmen could not read well.
C. Poor whites could vote due to the _______________________.
D. _________________, or legal separation, became the law in the South.
1. These laws were called _________________.
2. In ___________________________, segregation was
challenged. The Supreme Court ruled separate but equal facilities
were legal.
Essential Questions: Reconstruction
1. What impact did Lincoln’s assassination have on Reconstruction?
2. What were the successes and failures of Reconstruction in your
opinion?
3. What steps did the Federal Government take to unify the nation? Write
next to each step was it a success or a failure.
4. In what ways did the Southern states violate the Civil War amendments?
Big Analysis and Application Question:
If you could design your own Reconstruction plan with the information
from the chapter and the world today, what would the plan look like?