Download Exam review questions 2008 2

Exam review questions.
2007
Name _______________________________________
Science basics
Fill in and complete the following questions about each chapter. Use this as your major review and guide for the exam. The
exam questions directly correlate to the information on this review.
1. _______________________ is the study of the processes that form and change the Earth.
2. ________________________is the process of looking at and studying things in the world in order to gain knowledge.
3. An independent variable is _______________________________________________________________________
For example:
4. A dependent variable is _________________________________________________________________________
For example:
5 . What is the difference between a constant and a control in an experiment?
6. Identify the basic unit of measurement in the SI system for the following:
length-
mass-
volume-
List the steps of the scientific method found in your book.
7. In an experiment the _____________________ is the proposed answer to the problem being tested.
8. In an experiment the _____________________ is the changeable factor.
9. _______________________ is a measure of the amount of matter in an object.
10. Mass depends on the _______________________________________ that make up an object.
11. _______________________ is a measure of gravitational force.
12. Anything that has mass and takes up space is ____________________.
13. The building blocks of all matter are ____________________.
14. List the four states of matter.
____________________ _____________________ ____________________
15. Fill in the chart about the parts of an atom.
Particle
Charge Location
Mass
How is it Related to Atomic
Number ?
Proton
Neutron
Electron
_______________
How is it Related to Mass Number?
16. What is an isotope?
17. Fill in the chart about the isotopes of Hydrogen and Carbon.
Isotope
Atomic Number
Mass Number
Protons
Hydrogen-1
Neutrons
Electrons
Hydrogen-2
Hydrogen-3
Carbon-12
Carbon-14
18. Compare the four states of matter to H2O found on Earth.
19. A compound is ______________________________________________________________________________
Give two examples:
20. A mixture is ________________________________________________________________________________
Give two examples:
21. Draw the atomic structure for sodium
22. What is the freezing point of water and boiling point of water in Fahrenheit and Celsius?
F1 Minerals
23. Define a mineral.
23.a. List the five characteristics that all mineral have in common.
24. Table salt or halite is a mineral that forms from _________________________________________________.
(hint: salt is soluble in water)
25. Another way that minerals form is from the cooling of hot melted rock material called ___________________.
26. Most common rock-forming minerals are in the group called _______________________.
27. What is the hardest known mineral?________________________________
What mineral has the highest specific gravity?_________________________________
28. The way light reflected from a mineral is called ________________________________ .
29. The color of a powdered mineral is the mineral’s ______________________________.
30. When a mineral breaks along smooth, flat planes, the mineral is said to have __________________________.
31. Minerals that break with rough or jagged edges have _____________________________.
32. Give at least one example of a mineral with cleavage-____________________________________
With a characteristic streak-______________________________________
With a distinctive color-_________________________________________
33. Why are diamonds used as gemstones?
34. Name the ore mined for aluminum. _____________________ Why is this mineral called an ore?
35. List Moh’s scale of hardness.
36. List the six crystal shapes. Try to draw them.
F2 Rocks
37. A mixture of one or more minerals, mineraloids, glass, or organic matter is a _________________________.
38. Granite is a mixture of which minerals? ______________________________________________________________
39. The process that a rock undergoes to change into another rock is the _______________________________.
40. When melted material from a volcano or deep inside the Earth cools and hardens, it forms________________________
rock.
41. Igneous rocks containing a large amount of Iron and Magnesium are called _____________________________.
42. __________________________ (intrusive or extrusive) igneous rocks form deep inside Earth and contain large mineral
grains.
43. Light colored, less dense igneous rocks containing silicon and oxygen are called______________________.
44. Draw the rock cycle using the following words: magma, igneous rock, sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock, melting, heat and pressure,
sediment, weathering and erosion, compaction and cementation. Reuse words as necessary.
45. Metamorphic rock is classified as ______________________________ or ___________________________
texture which means_________________________________________________________________________.
46. Sedimentary rock is classified based on________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________.
47. The three types of sedimentary rock are _______________________________________________________
48. Identify the following common examples of rock as igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary
_______________________ granite
_______________________________ sandstone
_______________________ obsidian
_______________________________ pumice
_______________________ gneiss
_______________________________ marble
_______________________ slate
_______________________________ coquina
F4 Plate Tectonics
49. Define Continental drift. Who proposed continental drift? When?
List the evidence for continental drift.
50. Define seafloor spreading. Who proposed seafloor spreading? When?
51. What is the Glomar Challenger?__________________________________________________________________
52. Fill in the chart below to identify what occurs at plate boundaries.
Type of boundary
Land form(s) produced
Divergent: ocean- ocean
Seafloor spreading, under water
mountain range, volcanoes
Continent-continent
Example(s) on Earth
Convergent: ocean- ocean
Continent-continent
Ocean- continent
Transform: continent-continent
53. Identify the plates:
1. ________________________________________
2._________________________________________
3. ________________________________________
4._________________________________________
5. ________________________________________
6._________________________________________
7. ________________________________________
8._________________________________________
9. ________________________________________
10.________________________________________
11. _______________________________________
12.________________________________________
13. _______________________________________
14.________________________________________
Draw in the equator. What is it’s position? _______________________
Draw the prime meridian. What is it’s position?_____________________
The southern tip of India is located at _______________latitude and __________________longitude. (Use map on wall in
classroom.)
54. Use the pie drawing to label the layers of the Earth. Not to scale. Include inner core, outer core, mantle, asthenosphere,
lithosphere, and crust.
55. Earthquakes- Identify each type of fault. What kind of force causes each type of fault picture below?
56. Volcanoes- Draw and label the parts to a volcano, including vent, lava, pipe, magma chamber, gas and ash.
G5 Clues to Earth’s Past
57. Define extinct.
58. Dinosaurs became extinct about ________________________________ years ago.
59. Complete each sentence to identify the conditions necessary for a fossil to form: ( This is right out of the book)
First the body of a dead organism must be _____________________________________________________
It helps if the body is quickly ________________________________________________________________
Organisms have a better change of being preserved if they _________________________________________
60. Identify how each of the types of fossils form and give a common example:
Pemineralized remainsMold and castsCarbon film_
Original remainsTrace fossils-
61. What is an index fossil? Why is a trilobite a good index fossil (there are two reasons)? What else might be an index fossil?
62. The ___________________________________________ states that in an undisturbed layer of rock, the oldest rocks are
on the bottom and the rocks become progressively younger toward the top. Dating the age of
rock by examining these layers is called ______________________________________________________.
63. Missing layers or gaps in the rock layers are called ______________________________________________.
64. An unconformity due to a fault is called a ____________________________________________________________.
65. An unconformity due to erosion is called a ___________________________________________________________.
66. An unconformity due to an igneous intrusion is called a _________________________________________________.
67. Use the diagram to answer the following questions:
Color the igneous intrusion. What kind is it?_______________
What is the difference between a laccolith and a batholith?
68. Absolute dating of rock layers is more specific because it uses properties of atoms such as the ____________ of a
radioactive isotope to determine the age of rocks.
a.
define half-life__________________________________________________________________________
b. state the half-life of Carbon-14________________________________________________________
c. Carbon-14 is used to date fossil that are ______________________ years old or younger.
d. True or False. Carbon-14 can be used to date dinosaur bones.______________________________
69. It takes Uranium- 238 4.5 billion years for half of it to decay to lead- 206. Complete the following table showing the
breakdown of Uranium-238 through four half-lives.
Number of half
lives
0
1
2
3
4
# of years passed
% parent
% daughter
Amount parent
Amount daughter
0
100%
0%
200g
0g