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REVIEW
Respiratory System:
(Chapter 15)
Name:________KEY___________
Date:________________________
1) Label the structures in the diagram above.
2) Why is the process of breathing necessary for our existence?
To get Oxygen to the cells in the tissue for cellular respiration to make ATP and to get
carbon dioxide (product of cellular respiration) out of the body so the acidity doesn’t affect
enzyme function
3) The overall process of respiration can be broken down into 4 components. Name each and
give a definition.
Breathing – inhalation and exhalation. Changing thoratic volume and pressure to allow air to
come in and out
External Respiration – at the lungs. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the
blood in the pulmonary capillaries and alveoli and then, outside the body
Internal Respiration – gas exchange at the tissues to bring oxygen to the cells and take away
carbon dioxide
Cellular Respiration – in the cells of tissues. Glucose + oxygen  water + carbon dioxide.
The byproduct is ATP – energy currency of the cell.
4) The process of breathing includes inspiration and expiration. Define each and state the
contents of the air each possesses. (i.e. oxygen and carbon dioxide)
Inspiration – diaphragm contracts (straightens) and ribs rise and contract – medulla oblongata
signal, volume of cavity increase, pressure decrease, oxygen floods into the lungs through
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, alveoli
Expiration – medulla oblongata signal stops, diaphragm relaxes, ribs and chest drop, volume
decreases, pressure increases, pushes carbon dioxide out.
5) How are the bronchioles different from the bronchi?
Bronchiole walls are thinner and the small rings of cartilage are longer present. There are
more bronchioles as the branch off of the left and right bronchi.
6) If a lung was punctures by a broken rib, why would the lung collapse?
If the lung is punctured, when you inhale and fill your lungs with air, some will escape into the
chest. This could cause the lung to collapse. Air and gas get caught in the pleural cavity and
may interfere with normal breathing.
8) Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs?
alveoli
9) Describe three ways in which the structures of the alveoli facilitate their function.
Thin walled allows for quick gas exchange, moist which facilitates diffusion, numerous which
increase surface area, stretch receptors in their walls signal medulla oblongata to stop
inhalation
10) What does reduced hemoglobin carry?
Hydrogen ions
11) Where does oxyhemoglobin become deoxyhemoglobin? Why?
Internal respiration – at the tissue capillaries. Oxygen is dropped off for cellular respiration
because of a difference in pressure, temperature and pH.
12) What 2 reactions can carbon dioxide take part in – during internal respiration?
Carbon dioxide + Hb  carbaminohemoglobin
Carbon dioxide + water  carbonic acid  bicarbonate (enzyme carbonic anhydrase)
13) Why is it so important that carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions are removed from the blood?
What two reaction help to remove H+ from the blood?
Because they are acidic. Change in pH can denature enzyme and cause them to not work.
Hb + H  reduced hemoglobin
H + HCO3  H2CO3  H2O + CO2