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Anatomy & Physiology Unit 9 – Cardiovascular System 2010 Study Guide Name_____________________________ Date_____________ Period______ Cardiovascular System Study Guide Ch. 12 – The Heart 1. Describe the functions of the heart: 2. Describe the destination of blood that is a. Pumped from the left side of the heart: b. Pumped from the right side of the heart: 3. Describe the location of the heart: 4. Describe the shape of the heart: 5. Describe the composition, location, and function of the following: Structure Pericardial cavity Composition Location Function Pericardial fluid Pericardium Fibrous pericardium --- Parietal pericardium --- Visceral pericardium/ epicardium --- Ch. 12 – The Heart Page 1 of 9 Anatomy & Physiology Unit 9 – Cardiovascular System 6. Describe the causes and symptoms Pericarditis 7. What chambers of the heart receive blood from veins? 8. What chambers of the heart are known as pumping chambers? 9. List the vessels that carry blood to the heart: 2010 Study Guide 10. List the vessels that carry blood away from the heart: 11. What is the name of the blood vessels that take deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs? 12. What is the name of the blood vessels that take oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium? 13. The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle is known as the ____________________________________. The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle is known as the ____________________________________________. 14. The valves between the ventricles and blood vessels are known as the _______________________________________________________. 15. Complete flow of blood through the heart. a. Blood entering the ______________atrium flows through the tricuspid valve and into the ________________________________. From there, the deoxygenated blood flows past the ________________________________________________ valve and into enters the lungs. b. Oxygenated blood leaves the lungs through the ____________________ and enters the _____________ atrium of the heart. Blood continues to flow through the __________________ valve and into the ___________________ ventricle. Ch. 12 – The Heart Page 2 of 9 Anatomy & Physiology Unit 9 – Cardiovascular System 2010 Study Guide From there, blood will flow past the aortic semilunar valve and into the _____________________________. 16. What is the coronary sinus? 17. What is the coronary sulcus? 18. Compare coronary arteries with coronary veins: 19. Explain how the chordae tendinae and papillary muscles work with the atrioventricular valves: 20. Describe the composition and function of the skeleton of the heart: 21. Describe the characteristics of cardiac muscle: 22. What is the pacemaker of the heart? 23. What is the back-up pacemaker of the heart? 24. Compare the SA and AV nodes: Ch. 12 – The Heart Page 3 of 9 Anatomy & Physiology Unit 9 – Cardiovascular System 2010 Study Guide 25. Describe the heart’s conduction system using the following terms: SA node, AV node, action potentials, atrioventricular bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers 26. What is an ectopic beat and how does it happen? 27. What is fibrillation and how does it happen? 28. What is systole? 29. What is diastole? 30. What causes the lubb sound? 25. What causes the dupp sound? 31. What is the stroke volume? 26. What is the heart rate? 32. What is cardiac output? 33. What vessel is responsible for gas and nutrient exchange with each of the body’s cells? 34. Using the graph to the right, explain what ionic changes cause the electrical activities in cardiac muscle tissue. Ch. 12 – The Heart Page 4 of 9 Anatomy & Physiology Unit 9 – Cardiovascular System 2010 Study Guide 35. What is the refractory period? 36. Using the graph to the right, describe the electrical activity and physical activity that corresponds with each peak: 37. Compare bradycardia and tachycardia: 38. What’s the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of the heart: 39. Explain how the heart is intrinsically regulated: a. What is Starling’s law of the heart? b. Compare right and left heart failure: 40. Explain how the heart is extrinsically regulated: Ch. 12 – The Heart Page 5 of 9 Anatomy & Physiology Unit 9 – Cardiovascular System 2010 Study Guide a. List the factors that can: i. Increase heart rate ii. Decrease cardiac output 41. If blood pressure becomes elevated, what events occur to bring it back to normal? 42. Label the figures below: Ch. 12 – The Heart Page 6 of 9 Anatomy & Physiology Unit 9 – Cardiovascular System 2010 Study Guide 43. Complete the table: Condition Endocarditis Cause Symptoms Treatment Myocardidtis Pericarditis Rheumatic Heart Disease Coronary Heart Disease Septal Defect Patent Ductus Arteriosus Stenosis of the Heart Valves Cyanosis 44. Complete the table: Medication What it Treats How it Works Digitalis Nitroglycerin Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents Calcium Channel Blockers Ch. 12 – The Heart Page 7 of 9 Anatomy & Physiology Unit 9 – Cardiovascular System 2010 Study Guide Antihypertensive Agents Anticoagulants 45. Complete the table: Procedure Artificial Pacemaker What it does: Heart-Lung Machine Heart Valve Replacement or Repair Heart Transplant Artificial Heart 46. How can one prevent heart disease? 47. Summarize the effects of aging on the heart: Ch. 12 – The Heart Page 8 of 9 Anatomy & Physiology Unit 9 – Cardiovascular System 2010 Study Guide WORKSHEET - Cardiovascular Review - KEY 1. Name six things transported by the cardiovascular system. a. Oxygen d. Carbon dioxide b. Nutrients e. Hormones c. Waste Products f. Enzymes *Other choices include electrolytes, water 2. What chambers of the heart receive blood from veins? Atria 3. What chambers of the heart are known as pumping chambers? Ventricles 4. What is the name of the blood vessel that brings venous blood from the head, neck, and arms into the right atrium? Superior Vena Cava 5. What is the name of the blood vessel that bring venous blood from the abdomen and legs into the right atrium? Inferior Vena Cava 6. What is the name of the blood vessels that take deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs? Pulmonary arteries (which branch from the pulmonary trunk) 7. What is the name of the blood vessels that take oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium? Pulmonary veins 8. The largest artery in the body extends from the left ventricle and is called the aorta. The first branch feeds the myocardium with blood and are the coronary arteries. The next branch, the brachiocephalic artery, takes blood into the right arm and the right side of the head. The next branch, left subclavian artery, supplies blood to the left arm. The next branch, left common carotid artery, supplies blood to the left side of the head. 9. The valves are formed from the most inner heart layer or the endocardium. 10. The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle is known as the tricuspid valve. The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle is known as the bicuspid valve, also called the mitral valve. 11. The valves between the ventricles and blood vessels are known as the semilunar valves. Ch. 12 – The Heart Page 9 of 9