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Anatomy & Physiology
Unit 9 – Cardiovascular System
2010
Study Guide
Name_____________________________
Date_____________ Period______
Cardiovascular System Study Guide
Ch. 12 – The Heart
1.
Describe the functions of the heart:
2.
Describe the destination of blood that is
a. Pumped from the left side of the heart:
b. Pumped from the right side of the heart:
3.
Describe the location of the heart:
4.
Describe the shape of the heart:
5.
Describe the composition, location, and function of the following:
Structure
Pericardial cavity
Composition
Location
Function
Pericardial fluid
Pericardium
Fibrous pericardium
---
Parietal pericardium
---
Visceral pericardium/
epicardium
---
Ch. 12 – The Heart
Page 1 of 9
Anatomy & Physiology
Unit 9 – Cardiovascular System
6.
Describe the causes and symptoms Pericarditis
7.
What chambers of the heart receive blood from veins?
8.
What chambers of the heart are known as pumping chambers?
9.
List the vessels that carry blood to the heart:
2010
Study Guide
10. List the vessels that carry blood away from the heart:
11. What is the name of the blood vessels that take deoxygenated blood from the right
ventricle to the lungs?
12. What is the name of the blood vessels that take oxygenated blood from the lungs to
the left atrium?
13. The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle is known as the
____________________________________. The valve between the left atrium
and the left ventricle is known as the
____________________________________________.
14. The valves between the ventricles and blood vessels are known as the
_______________________________________________________.
15. Complete flow of blood through the heart.
a. Blood entering the ______________atrium flows through the tricuspid valve and
into the ________________________________. From there, the deoxygenated
blood flows past the ________________________________________________
valve and into enters the lungs.
b. Oxygenated blood leaves the lungs through the ____________________ and
enters the _____________ atrium of the heart. Blood continues to flow through
the __________________ valve and into the ___________________ ventricle.
Ch. 12 – The Heart
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Anatomy & Physiology
Unit 9 – Cardiovascular System
2010
Study Guide
From there, blood will flow past the aortic semilunar valve and into the
_____________________________.
16. What is the coronary sinus?
17. What is the coronary sulcus?
18. Compare coronary arteries with coronary veins:
19. Explain how the chordae tendinae and papillary muscles work with the
atrioventricular valves:
20. Describe the composition and function of the skeleton of the heart:
21. Describe the characteristics of cardiac muscle:
22. What is the pacemaker of the heart?
23. What is the back-up pacemaker of the heart?
24. Compare the SA and AV nodes:
Ch. 12 – The Heart
Page 3 of 9
Anatomy & Physiology
Unit 9 – Cardiovascular System
2010
Study Guide
25. Describe the heart’s conduction system using the following terms:
SA node, AV node, action potentials, atrioventricular bundle, bundle branches,
Purkinje fibers
26. What is an ectopic beat and how does it happen?
27. What is fibrillation and how does it happen?
28. What is systole?
29. What is diastole?
30. What causes the lubb sound?
25. What causes the dupp sound?
31. What is the stroke volume?
26. What is the heart rate?
32. What is cardiac output?
33. What vessel is responsible for gas and nutrient exchange with each of the body’s
cells?
34. Using the graph to the right, explain what ionic
changes cause the electrical activities in cardiac
muscle tissue.
Ch. 12 – The Heart
Page 4 of 9
Anatomy & Physiology
Unit 9 – Cardiovascular System
2010
Study Guide
35. What is the refractory period?
36. Using the graph to the right, describe the electrical activity and physical activity
that corresponds with each peak:
37. Compare bradycardia and tachycardia:
38. What’s the difference between intrinsic and
extrinsic regulation of the heart:
39. Explain how the heart is intrinsically regulated:
a. What is Starling’s law of the heart?
b. Compare right and left heart failure:
40. Explain how the heart is extrinsically regulated:
Ch. 12 – The Heart
Page 5 of 9
Anatomy & Physiology
Unit 9 – Cardiovascular System
2010
Study Guide
a. List the factors that can:
i. Increase heart rate
ii. Decrease cardiac output
41. If blood pressure becomes elevated, what events occur to bring it back to normal?
42. Label the figures below:
Ch. 12 – The Heart
Page 6 of 9
Anatomy & Physiology
Unit 9 – Cardiovascular System
2010
Study Guide
43. Complete the table:
Condition
Endocarditis
Cause
Symptoms
Treatment
Myocardidtis
Pericarditis
Rheumatic Heart
Disease
Coronary Heart
Disease
Septal Defect
Patent Ductus
Arteriosus
Stenosis of the
Heart Valves
Cyanosis
44. Complete the table:
Medication
What it Treats
How it Works
Digitalis
Nitroglycerin
Beta-Adrenergic Blocking
Agents
Calcium Channel Blockers
Ch. 12 – The Heart
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Anatomy & Physiology
Unit 9 – Cardiovascular System
2010
Study Guide
Antihypertensive Agents
Anticoagulants
45. Complete the table:
Procedure
Artificial Pacemaker
What it does:
Heart-Lung Machine
Heart Valve
Replacement or Repair
Heart Transplant
Artificial Heart
46. How can one prevent heart disease?
47. Summarize the effects of aging on the heart:
Ch. 12 – The Heart
Page 8 of 9
Anatomy & Physiology
Unit 9 – Cardiovascular System
2010
Study Guide
WORKSHEET - Cardiovascular Review - KEY
1. Name six things transported by the cardiovascular system.
a. Oxygen
d. Carbon dioxide
b. Nutrients
e. Hormones
c. Waste Products
f. Enzymes
*Other choices include electrolytes, water
2. What chambers of the heart receive blood from veins? Atria
3. What chambers of the heart are known as pumping chambers? Ventricles
4. What is the name of the blood vessel that brings venous blood from the head, neck,
and arms into the right atrium?
Superior Vena Cava
5. What is the name of the blood vessel that bring venous blood from the abdomen and
legs into the right atrium?
Inferior Vena Cava
6. What is the name of the blood vessels that take deoxygenated blood from the right
ventricle to the lungs? Pulmonary arteries (which branch from the pulmonary trunk)
7. What is the name of the blood vessels that take oxygenated blood from the lungs to
the left atrium?
Pulmonary veins
8. The largest artery in the body extends from the left ventricle and is called the
aorta. The first branch feeds the myocardium with blood and are the coronary arteries.
The next branch, the brachiocephalic artery, takes blood into the right arm and the right
side of the head. The next branch, left subclavian artery, supplies blood to the left arm.
The next branch, left common carotid artery, supplies blood to the left side of the head.
9. The valves are formed from the most inner heart layer or the endocardium.
10. The valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle is known as the
tricuspid valve. The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle is known as the
bicuspid valve, also called the mitral valve.
11. The valves between the ventricles and blood vessels are known as the
semilunar valves.
Ch. 12 – The Heart
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