* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS Modifiers (“describing words
Old English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Navajo grammar wikipedia , lookup
Udmurt grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Irish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Georgian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Macedonian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Preposition and postposition wikipedia , lookup
Ukrainian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Kannada grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Norse morphology wikipedia , lookup
Modern Hebrew grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lithuanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Arabic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Compound (linguistics) wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Scottish Gaelic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Serbo-Croatian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Romanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Chinese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Japanese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Zulu grammar wikipedia , lookup
Latin syntax wikipedia , lookup
Spanish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Determiner phrase wikipedia , lookup
Malay grammar wikipedia , lookup
Vietnamese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Pipil grammar wikipedia , lookup
Russian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Sotho parts of speech wikipedia , lookup
Dutch grammar wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Comparison (grammar) wikipedia , lookup
French grammar wikipedia , lookup
Esperanto grammar wikipedia , lookup
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS Modifiers (“describing words”) Adjectives and adverbs o Can be single words or can be phrases (often prepositional phrases do double duty as adjectives and adverbs) Adjectives modify (or “describe”) nouns and pronouns Adjectives tend to answer the questions Which one? In a way, adjectives give up a way to distinguish one noun (person, place, thing) from another. Which car? The fast car…. not the slow one… or the red one… or one in the parking garage … the expensive one… but the fast one Which roses? The yellow, longstemmed roses gathered in a bunch … not the red, miniature roses collected in that vase Which dog? The black dog… not the white one… not the shaggy one… not the lopped-eared one… not friendly one… not the friendly, shaggy, black dog… not the one in a bad mood… the little one that my mother has owned for years… not the barking, little dog in the yard Which movie? The scary movie on the TV in the living room… not the boring movie with bad acting… not the one that had bad reviews last week… not the PG-13 movie… not the R-rated movie… Other questions that adjectives “answer:” What’s it like? What color is it? How does it look? What kind of ----? What does it sounds like? How big is it? What does it feel like? What does it taste like? what it smells like, how heavy is it, what color it is Examples: John’s sloppy room, brandnew television set, an adorable dress, etc. Many adjectives are formed from other root words. Common suffixes for adjectives: -ic, -y, -istic, -ical, -ful, -iful. – iac, -ious, -ous, -ial, -able, -ish, -ive, etc. “magic” becomes “magical” “joy” becomes “joyous” or “joyful” “play” becomes “playful” “thank” becomes “thankful” “fish” becomes “fishy” “plenty” becomes “plentiful” “beauty” becomes “beautiful” “space” becomes “spatial” or “spacious” “doubt” becomes “doubtful” or “dubious” Dictionaries will give you the adjective forms of words that can be transformed o Adjectives in yellow often go directly in front of the word(s) they modify in blue. However, in a sentence with a linking verb, they often end up in the predicate. My green dress My car is making a strange sound. He bought a fancy new Lexus decked out with all sorts of expensive options and extras. The British spy was tried for treason. The spy who was tried for treason was British. He is both intelligent and interesting. Ironically, adjectives can be overused and lead to some very non-descriptive writing, especially when they rely on opinion or perception. (Examples of unhelpful adjectives: pretty girl, hard job, bad movie.) Therefore, good writers use them in moderation and use them in combination with details and good development. They also tend to use more verbs than adjectives. There are special adjectives called possessive adjectives. They show “ownership,” or “possession,” or at least that’s the way grade school teachers explain it. o Possessive-case pronouns are “pre-done.” They don’t need apostrophes. My, mine, our, ours, his, her, hers, you, yours, their, theirs, its Her car… their third marriage… my blouse… your homework assignment… the town of his birth… o Most possessive adjectives are generally nouns that have been turned into adjectives by use of apostrophes and the letter “s.” The purpose behind the conversion is to show that something belonging to somebody. (Example: “Father” is a noun. “Father’s” is a possessive adjective. The phrase “my father’s pipe” is intended to convey the fact that the writer’s father owns a pipe.) Most possessives are created by adding “-‘s” to a word. However, some words—like proper names and lots and lots of plurals--already end in “s,” so, in that case, usually all that’s needed is to add the apostrophe. Look this up in your book or a grammar handbook and familiarize yourself with enough examples so you see the patterns that exist. o You can’t create plurals with apostrophes—EVER! o Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. They tend to answer the questions When? Where? Why? How often? In what fashion? With whom? For what reason? To what degree? How ____ is it? Common suffixes for adverbs transformed from other root words: -ly “slow” becomes “slowly” “fashion” (noun) becomes “fashionable” (adjective) becomes “fashionably” (adverb) Special adverbs: “too,” “very,” “really,” “so,” “way,” “far,” “rather,” “quite,” “extraordinarily,” “extremely,” and “especially .” These special adverbs are called intensifiers. They are adverbs that go with adjectives. A joke might be described “funny” (an adjective) or “incredibly funny” (an adverb + adjective) if it went over with an audience very well. -ly is the most common suffix for adverbs but lots of adverbs go beyond one word in length and are, for that reason, called adverbial phrases. (Examples: “around the corner,” “every day after school,” and “once or twice a day”) Adverbs in yellow often go directly before or after the word(s) they modify in blue. The children played chess quietly. The children quietly played chess. The children played chess in the living room. The children quietly played chess in the living room. The children played chess quietly in the living room. Yesterday, the children played chess without fighting, but today, they bickered endlessly about whose turn it was. Since it was too hot to play outdoors, the children stayed indoors and quietly played chess. Early this morning, an old lady, driving erratically, was in the wrong lane. Mary likes to drive so slowly around the school zone during school time. Late last night, texting while driving, John ran through the stop sign and over the ravine. John drives way too quickly on the highway. Find all the adjectives and adverbs: 1. A Pentagon spokesman announced that, last month, three Army squadrons in the northern part of Iraq rapidly deployed south in the direction of Baghdad in support of the police forces there, who are battling heavily armed militants, who were threatening a sacred mosque. pentagon (adjective) spokesman (noun) announced (verb) last month (adverbial phrase) three Army (both adjectives) squadrons (noun) squadrons (noun) in the northern (adjective) part (noun) of Iraq (adjective phrase) rapidly (adverb) deployed (verb) deployed (verb) south in the direction of Baghdad deployed (verb) in support of the police (adjective) forces (noun) (adverbial phrase) there (adverb) who are battling heavily (adverb) armed (adjective) militants (noun) (adjective phrase) forces (noun) who were threatening a sacred (adjective) mosque (noun) (adjective phrase) militants (noun) 2. The yellow race car driven by Al Uncer swerved into the left lane and completely knocked two quick mechanics off the track and into the pit area where two quick mechanics barely managed to jump out of the way. yellow race (both adjectives) car (noun) into the left lane (adverbial phrase) swerved (verb) driven by Al Uncer (adjective phrase) car (noun) completely (adverb) knocked (verb) pit (adjective) area (noun) quick (adjective) mechanics (noun) barely (adverb) managed (verb) out of the way (adverbial phrase) to jump (verb) off the track (adverb phrase) knocked (verb) two (adjective) mechanics (noun) two other (both adjectives) cars (noun) left (adjective) lane (noun) into the pit area (adverbial phrase) knocked (verb) . Often, in the western sky, one can see the planets rise from the horizon toward the ascending moon. 3