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Introduction to Database Management
Introduction to Database Management

... StudentID FirstName ...
Introduction to Database Systems
Introduction to Database Systems

... either all succeed, or all fail • E.g. Transfer $100 BEGIN TRANSACTION; UPDATE Accounts SET amount = amount - 100 WHERE number = 4662 UPDATE Accounts SET amount = amount + 100 WHERE number = 7199 COMMIT ...
Transactions and Locks PowerPoint
Transactions and Locks PowerPoint

... • A deadlock is a situation when two (or more) users, each having a lock on one piece of data, attempt to acquire a lock on the other’s piece. • Unless one of the user processes is terminated, each user would wait indefinitely for the other to release the lock. • SQL Server detects deadlocks and ter ...
A transaction
A transaction

... In the following examples, think of a transaction as meaning a procedure. A transaction commits when it ends successfully. A transaction rolls back when it aborts. ...
ObjectRank: A System for Authority-based Search
ObjectRank: A System for Authority-based Search

... is that the distribution of ObjectRank values is more skewed when the size of the base set increases, because the top objects tend to receive more references. For example, consider two results for the query “XML Index” shown in Figure 4. Result (b) corresponds to the situation described above. It no ...
Lecture07a
Lecture07a

... Commit Protocols  Commit protocols are used to ensure atomicity across sites ...
here
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... levels of control using data management rules based on instantaneous correctness, and then integrated all results into a complete differential control algorithm. In particular, the following tasks pertaining to the new methods of differential concurrency control have been undertaken in this research ...
Click to Unit 4 of DDB
Click to Unit 4 of DDB

... partitioning. If the network is partitioned, the sites in each partition may continue to operate. In this case, executing transactions that access data stored in multiple partitions becomes a major issue. Network partitions point to a unique aspect of failures in distributed computer systems. In cen ...
BLS 2215 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
BLS 2215 DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

... manipulation languages; programming in a database environment: database security, integrity, recovery, and concurrence; file organization: sequential, random, indexed sequential, hierarchical, heap, inverted; Database administration; Distributed database systems. Assessment method - Coursework and E ...
HAT, not CAP: Towards Highly Available Transactions
HAT, not CAP: Towards Highly Available Transactions

... is not achievable with high availability [36]. However, most ACID and “NewSQL” databases provide weaker forms of isolation—usually by default, and often as the only options offered (§2). Databases have provided these weak guarantees for decades [43], suggesting that they are useful to application pr ...
A transaction
A transaction

... • This causes the system to “abort” the transaction – The database returns to the state without any of the previous changes made by activity of the transaction ...
Class 3
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LN5 - WSU EECS
LN5 - WSU EECS

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Transactions - Stanford Lagunita
Transactions - Stanford Lagunita

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oNTRAK - Turner Scale, Inc.
oNTRAK - Turner Scale, Inc.

... oNTRAK™ OnTrak provides simple ticketing automation to enterprises that currently have manual ticketing systems. OnTrak is intuitive, reliable, compatible with the most popular operating systems, adaptable to a wide variety of industries, configurable and does not require an in-house IT staff to kee ...
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... transaction has completed (i.e., the transfer of the $50 has taken place), the updates to the database by the transaction must persist despite failures. ...
Slide 1
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... database during the lifecycle of business application development. Embedded database can lead to cost reduction in software development & software maintenance, with financial benefits. ...
Transaction processing systems
Transaction processing systems

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...  Consistency. Execution of a transaction in isolation preserves the consistency of the database.  Isolation. Although multiple transactions may execute concurrently, each transaction must be unaware of other concurrently executing transactions. Intermediate transaction results must be hidden from ...
Administrivia - Andrew.cmu.edu
Administrivia - Andrew.cmu.edu

... Fragmentation & Replication ...
4D2a – Data Engineering
4D2a – Data Engineering

... Information systems management course runs over the entire 1st Semester. In each week, there are three one-hour lectures. However, tutorials are scheduled in place of a lecture every two weeks. Alongside the lectures, a full online course on the application of database language SQL is delivered. Thi ...
ppt
ppt

... – User name = your U email address – Password = "studentID" + "!A" ...
Syllabus
Syllabus

... prohibited. If you arrive at least 5 minutes late, you will be considered absent even if you attend the lecture. Please come to the lecture on time. Respect office hours as listed above. Do not come to the office outside office hours. If the office hours conflict with your schedule, you can arrange ...
Sullbus
Sullbus

... aspect of a database system, create some innovative application, or investigate or evaluate a database management system or tool. This is to give opportunity to the students who want to try some hands on database experience that this course does not otherwise offer. The instructor is completely open ...
Indexes (AKA Indices) - Prof. Yitz Rosenthal
Indexes (AKA Indices) - Prof. Yitz Rosenthal

... • A rollback command forces whatever was done in the transaction so far to become "undone". • Similar to the "undo" command on your word processor. • This is used both with "stored procedures" and application programs that interact with the database. When the program encounters a condition after it ...
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Commitment ordering

Commitment ordering (CO) is a class of interoperable serializability techniques in concurrency control of databases, transaction processing, and related applications. It allows optimistic (non-blocking) implementations. With the proliferation of multi-core processors, CO has been also increasingly utilized in concurrent programming, transactional memory, and especially in software transactional memory (STM) for achieving serializability optimistically. CO is also the name of the resulting transaction schedule (history) property, which was originally defined in 1988 with the name dynamic atomicity. In a CO compliant schedule the chronological order of commitment events of transactions is compatible with the precedence order of the respective transactions. CO is a broad special case of conflict serializability, and effective means (reliable, high-performance, distributed, and scalable) to achieve global serializability (modular serializability) across any collection of database systems that possibly use different concurrency control mechanisms (CO also makes each system serializability compliant, if not already).Each not-CO-compliant database system is augmented with a CO component (the commitment order coordinator—COCO) which orders the commitment events for CO compliance, with neither data-access nor any other transaction operation interference. As such CO provides a low overhead, general solution for global serializability (and distributed serializability), instrumental for global concurrency control (and distributed concurrency control) of multi database systems and other transactional objects, possibly highly distributed (e.g., within cloud computing, grid computing, and networks of smartphones). An atomic commitment protocol (ACP; of any type) is a fundamental part of the solution, utilized to break global cycles in the conflict (precedence, serializability) graph. CO is the most general property (a necessary condition) that guarantees global serializability, if the database systems involved do not share concurrency control information beyond atomic commitment protocol (unmodified) messages, and have no knowledge whether transactions are global or local (the database systems are autonomous). Thus CO (with its variants) is the only general technique that does not require the typically costly distribution of local concurrency control information (e.g., local precedence relations, locks, timestamps, or tickets). It generalizes the popular strong strict two-phase locking (SS2PL) property, which in conjunction with the two-phase commit protocol (2PC) is the de facto standard to achieve global serializability across (SS2PL based) database systems. As a result CO compliant database systems (with any, different concurrency control types) can transparently join such SS2PL based solutions for global serializability.In addition, locking based global deadlocks are resolved automatically in a CO based multi-database environment, an important side-benefit (including the special case of a completely SS2PL based environment; a previously unnoticed fact for SS2PL).Furthermore, strict commitment ordering (SCO; Raz 1991c), the intersection of Strictness and CO, provides better performance (shorter average transaction completion time and resulting better transaction throughput) than SS2PL whenever read-write conflicts are present (identical blocking behavior for write-read and write-write conflicts; comparable locking overhead). The advantage of SCO is especially significant during lock contention. Strictness allows both SS2PL and SCO to use the same effective database recovery mechanisms.Two major generalizing variants of CO exist, extended CO (ECO; Raz 1993a) and multi-version CO (MVCO; Raz 1993b). They as well provide global serializability without local concurrency control information distribution, can be combined with any relevant concurrency control, and allow optimistic (non-blocking) implementations. Both use additional information for relaxing CO constraints and achieving better concurrency and performance. Vote ordering (VO or Generalized CO (GCO); Raz 2009) is a container schedule set (property) and technique for CO and all its variants. Local VO is a necessary condition for guaranteeing global serializability, if the atomic commitment protocol (ACP) participants do not share concurrency control information (have the generalized autonomy property). CO and its variants inter-operate transparently, guaranteeing global serializability and automatic global deadlock resolution also together in a mixed, heterogeneous environment with different variants.
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