Quantum physics
... • Photocurrent I = (n/t)e, where (n/t) = rate of emission of electrons • Why rate of emission of electrons << rate of incidence of photons {for f>f0}: • Not every photon would collide with an electron; most are reflected by the metal or miss hitting any electron. • On the way out to the metal surfac ...
... • Photocurrent I = (n/t)e, where (n/t) = rate of emission of electrons • Why rate of emission of electrons << rate of incidence of photons {for f>f0}: • Not every photon would collide with an electron; most are reflected by the metal or miss hitting any electron. • On the way out to the metal surfac ...
Bohr vs. Correct Model of Atom
... An analogy: Particle in Hole • The particle is trapped in the hole • To free the particle, need to provide energy mgh • Relative to the surface, energy = -mgh – a particle that is “just free” has 0 energy E=0 h E=-mgh ...
... An analogy: Particle in Hole • The particle is trapped in the hole • To free the particle, need to provide energy mgh • Relative to the surface, energy = -mgh – a particle that is “just free” has 0 energy E=0 h E=-mgh ...
Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms
... velocity of an electron (or any other particle) x – represents position p – represents momentum (velocity multiplied by mass) - represents a constant Δ – in this case, delta represents the uncertainty. ...
... velocity of an electron (or any other particle) x – represents position p – represents momentum (velocity multiplied by mass) - represents a constant Δ – in this case, delta represents the uncertainty. ...
Chapter8_notes
... • Theoretically, atomic spectra should contain lines corresponding to wavelength of the energy transitions in the atom that have a line width of zero. In reality, the lines are broadened due to a number of factors and will have a finite width. • Narrow line widths are crucial in atomic spectroscopy ...
... • Theoretically, atomic spectra should contain lines corresponding to wavelength of the energy transitions in the atom that have a line width of zero. In reality, the lines are broadened due to a number of factors and will have a finite width. • Narrow line widths are crucial in atomic spectroscopy ...
Glossary Chapter 4
... Pauli exclusion principle no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers (106) photoelectric effect the emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on the metal (93) photon a particle of electromagnetic radiation that has zero rest mass and carries a quantum ...
... Pauli exclusion principle no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers (106) photoelectric effect the emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on the metal (93) photon a particle of electromagnetic radiation that has zero rest mass and carries a quantum ...
04_LectureOutline
... 4.3 The Formation of Spectral Lines Absorption spectrum: Created when atoms absorb photons of right energy for excitation Multielectron atoms: Much more complicated spectra, many more possible states Ionization changes energy levels ...
... 4.3 The Formation of Spectral Lines Absorption spectrum: Created when atoms absorb photons of right energy for excitation Multielectron atoms: Much more complicated spectra, many more possible states Ionization changes energy levels ...
Max Planck suggested that the energy of light is proportional to its
... EM radiation may be described in terms of their wavelength and frequency. Wavelength is the distance from one wave peak to the next, which can be measured in meters. Frequency is the number of waves that pass by a given point each second. While the wavelength and frequency of EM radiation may vary, ...
... EM radiation may be described in terms of their wavelength and frequency. Wavelength is the distance from one wave peak to the next, which can be measured in meters. Frequency is the number of waves that pass by a given point each second. While the wavelength and frequency of EM radiation may vary, ...
Lecture 3
... It means that the oscillators with energy E can emit light with frequency f, given by E=hf, n times. In the modern interpretation the oscillating atoms or molecules emit light in discrete packets known as photons. Quantization of light had been proved, though no one understood that at the time. In a ...
... It means that the oscillators with energy E can emit light with frequency f, given by E=hf, n times. In the modern interpretation the oscillating atoms or molecules emit light in discrete packets known as photons. Quantization of light had been proved, though no one understood that at the time. In a ...
Collectively Moving Electrons
... observe in nature. However, on a closer look, all particles are interacting with each other and these interactions can result in exotic behavior, like chaotic trajectories or entanglement. To study such many-particle effects single atoms are ideally suited. In terms of the Auger effect, not only two ...
... observe in nature. However, on a closer look, all particles are interacting with each other and these interactions can result in exotic behavior, like chaotic trajectories or entanglement. To study such many-particle effects single atoms are ideally suited. In terms of the Auger effect, not only two ...
Unit 06 Chapter 7 Notes
... 1) Describe the quantum model of the atom developed by Niels Bohr. 2) Ground State3) What is wrong with Bohr’s model? Equations: Identify each of the variables in the following equations. 1) E = -2.178 x 10-18 J (Z2/ n2) 2) ∆E = Efinal – Einitial a. When ∆E is negative, then energy is released. Home ...
... 1) Describe the quantum model of the atom developed by Niels Bohr. 2) Ground State3) What is wrong with Bohr’s model? Equations: Identify each of the variables in the following equations. 1) E = -2.178 x 10-18 J (Z2/ n2) 2) ∆E = Efinal – Einitial a. When ∆E is negative, then energy is released. Home ...
Early Modern Physics
... heavier object (nuclei) ---> change in angle but little energy loss --> “multiple scattering” • or off light target (electrons) where can transfer energy but little angular change (energy loss due to ionization, also produces “delta rays” which are just more energetic electrons). Fall with increasin ...
... heavier object (nuclei) ---> change in angle but little energy loss --> “multiple scattering” • or off light target (electrons) where can transfer energy but little angular change (energy loss due to ionization, also produces “delta rays” which are just more energetic electrons). Fall with increasin ...
27-3 A Photoelectric Effect Example
... (e) This wavelength is 329 nm, less than the 400 nm (violet) wavelength that marks the lower bound of the visible spectrum. This light is beyond violet, in the ultraviolet. Related End-of-Chapter Exercises: 13 – 16, 43, 44. Essential Question 27.3: With a particular metal plate, shining a beam of re ...
... (e) This wavelength is 329 nm, less than the 400 nm (violet) wavelength that marks the lower bound of the visible spectrum. This light is beyond violet, in the ultraviolet. Related End-of-Chapter Exercises: 13 – 16, 43, 44. Essential Question 27.3: With a particular metal plate, shining a beam of re ...
Chapter 31 Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Physics
... electron spin has two possible values: ms = +½ or -½ Pauli exclusion principle The Pauli exclusive principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of values for the four quantum numbers n, l, ml, and ms. This principle determines the way in which the electrons in multiple-ele ...
... electron spin has two possible values: ms = +½ or -½ Pauli exclusion principle The Pauli exclusive principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of values for the four quantum numbers n, l, ml, and ms. This principle determines the way in which the electrons in multiple-ele ...
Chemistry I Honors – Semester Exam Review – Fall 2000
... Hydrogen atoms have specific energy levels. Therefore, the atoms can only gain or lose certain amounts of energy. When atoms lose energy, they emit photons which correspond to the lines in the emission spectrum. The more energy lost, the more energy the photon has. Bohr’s model stated that electrons ...
... Hydrogen atoms have specific energy levels. Therefore, the atoms can only gain or lose certain amounts of energy. When atoms lose energy, they emit photons which correspond to the lines in the emission spectrum. The more energy lost, the more energy the photon has. Bohr’s model stated that electrons ...
幻灯片 1
... Diffraction will make a molecule look blurred out. Even so, we have a good idea where the molecule is. If you have many molecules in one small area it will be difficult to locate individual molecules. Chemical compounds have been developed that can be turned on and off. A laser activates them, givin ...
... Diffraction will make a molecule look blurred out. Even so, we have a good idea where the molecule is. If you have many molecules in one small area it will be difficult to locate individual molecules. Chemical compounds have been developed that can be turned on and off. A laser activates them, givin ...
Class25_review - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
... Wide Bandgap Semiconductors What is a wide bandgap semiconductor? Larger energy gap allows higher power and temperature operation and the generation of more energetic (i.e. blue) photons The III-nitrides (AlN, GaN and InN), SiC have recently become feasible. Other materials (like diamond) are bei ...
... Wide Bandgap Semiconductors What is a wide bandgap semiconductor? Larger energy gap allows higher power and temperature operation and the generation of more energetic (i.e. blue) photons The III-nitrides (AlN, GaN and InN), SiC have recently become feasible. Other materials (like diamond) are bei ...
Particle-like Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation
... Particle-like Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation Another important discovery which helped create the underlying principles about the atomic structure was the phenomenon called Blackbody Radiation - the visible glow that all solids give off when heated; (Max Planck (1900)). He found that as the ...
... Particle-like Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation Another important discovery which helped create the underlying principles about the atomic structure was the phenomenon called Blackbody Radiation - the visible glow that all solids give off when heated; (Max Planck (1900)). He found that as the ...
(8.04) Spring 2005 Solutions to Problem Set 1
... to work better for radiofrequencies, or for X-rays? Why? At what He-Ne laser power do you expect quantum effects to become important? § We expect a classical wave description to work better for radiofrequencies. The classical electromagnetic description of photons works fine when a number of photons ...
... to work better for radiofrequencies, or for X-rays? Why? At what He-Ne laser power do you expect quantum effects to become important? § We expect a classical wave description to work better for radiofrequencies. The classical electromagnetic description of photons works fine when a number of photons ...
Chapter 2 - Las Positas College
... Q29.23. Reason: The electron gives up some of its energy to the atom. At atom in its ground state cannot emit a photon, so the atom is first boosted to an excited state (one of the orbital electrons jumps to a higher state) and then it can emit a photon as it drops to a lower state. If the excited e ...
... Q29.23. Reason: The electron gives up some of its energy to the atom. At atom in its ground state cannot emit a photon, so the atom is first boosted to an excited state (one of the orbital electrons jumps to a higher state) and then it can emit a photon as it drops to a lower state. If the excited e ...
X-ray fluorescence
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is the emission of characteristic ""secondary"" (or fluorescent) X-rays from a material that has been excited by bombarding with high-energy X-rays or gamma rays. The phenomenon is widely used for elemental analysis and chemical analysis, particularly in the investigation of metals, glass, ceramics and building materials, and for research in geochemistry, forensic science and archaeology.