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Spontaneous and Stimulated Transitions
Spontaneous and Stimulated Transitions

... lifetimes in excess of 10—100 µs. Although no jump turns out to be absolutely forbidden, some jumps are so unlikely that levels whose electrons can only fall to lower levels by such jumps are very long lived. Levels with lifetimes in excess of 1 hour have been observed under laboratory conditions. L ...
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Exam #: Printed Name: Signature: PHYSICS

... Consider the surface of a crystalline solid upon which indistinguishable atoms are bound to particular atomic surface sites. These atoms can move fairly freely from site to site; however, no more than a single atom can occupy a given site. Imagine that the surface is divided into two regions, each w ...
Energy level - Spring-Ford Area School District
Energy level - Spring-Ford Area School District

... 1) Aufbau principle - electrons enter the lowest energy first. • This causes difficulties because of the overlap of orbitals of different energies – follow the diagram! 2) Pauli Exclusion Principle - at most 2 electrons per orbital - different spins ...
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Perspectives of QM
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... Throughout 19th century and in the beginning of 20th century, the microscopic structure of the matter was a puzzling problem. Clearly, the observed electromagnetic emissions by materials could not be explained. The atomic and subatomic particles did not behave as expected in existing models of class ...
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... speed v, where v = V /Bd, while in the region where there is only a magnetic field the electron moves in a circle of radius r, with r given by p = Bre. This latter region (E = 0, B =constant) acts as a momentum selector because electrons with larger momenta have paths with larger radii. (a) Show that ...
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BORH`S DERIVATION OF BALMER

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Unit 3 Test - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca

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Quantum2

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X-ray fluorescence



X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is the emission of characteristic ""secondary"" (or fluorescent) X-rays from a material that has been excited by bombarding with high-energy X-rays or gamma rays. The phenomenon is widely used for elemental analysis and chemical analysis, particularly in the investigation of metals, glass, ceramics and building materials, and for research in geochemistry, forensic science and archaeology.
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